Thermotoga subterranea sp. nov., a new thermophilic bacterium isolated from a continental oil reservoir
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© Springer-Verlag 1995
O R I G I N A L PA P E R
Christian Jeanthon · Anna-Louise Reysenbach · Stéphane L’Haridon · Agata Gambacorta · Norman R. Pace · Philippe Glénat · Daniel Prieur
Thermotoga subterranea sp. nov., a new thermophilic bacterium isolated from a continental oil reservoir Received: 27 February 1995 / Accepted: 20 April 1995
Abstract A thermophilic, strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated strain SL1, was isolated from a deep, continental oil reservoir in the East Paris Basin (France). This organism grew between 50 and 75°C, with an optimum at 70°C. It was inhibited by elemental sulfur and was able to reduce cystine and thiosulfate to hydrogen sulfide. The G+C content (40 mol%), the presence of a lipid structure unique to the genus Thermotoga, and the 16S rRNA sequence of strain SL1 indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Thermotoga. Based on DNA-DNA hybridization, isolate SL1 does not show species-level similarity with the recognized species T. maritima, T. neapolitana, and T. thermarum. Based on this description of strain SL1, we propose the recognition of a new species: Thermotoga subterranea. Key words Thermophile · Anaerobic bacterium · Thermotogales · Thermotoga subterranea
Introduction The presence of microbial life in the terrestrial subsurface in deep formations associated with petroleum and sulfur
C. Jeanthon (Y) · S. L’Haridon · D. Prieur Station Biologique, UPR 9042, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Place Georges-Teissier, B. P. 74, F-29682 Roscoff cedex, France Tel. +33-9829-2309; Fax +33-9829-2324 e-mail [email protected] A.-L. Reysenbach · N. R. Pace Department of Biology and Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA A. Gambacorta Istituto per la Chimica di Molecole di Interesse Biologico, Via Toiano 6, I-80072 Arco Felice (Napoli), Italy P. Glénat Total Exploration Production, Centre Scientifique et Technique, F-78470 Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France
deposits and in underground environments directly connected to the surface, such as caves and cavernous aquifers, has long been recognized (Ghiorse and Wilson 1988). Because of the relatively low temperature of groundwaters collected from the upper few hundred meters of the earth’s crust, mostly mesophilic bacterial communities of, for example, aerobic heterotrophs, methanogens and sulfate-reducers, have been detected (Ghiorse and Wilson 1988). In deeper geological layers, increases in temperature and pressure provide suitable conditions to support thermophilic organisms. Petroleum reservoirs constitute ecological niches from which various physiological types of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms have been recently isolated or detected [e.g. sulfate-reducers (Rozanova and Nazina 1979; Rosnes et al. 1991; Bernard et al. 1992; Christensen et al. 1992; Stetter et al. 1993; Beeder et al. 1994), sulfur-reducers (Stetter et al. 1993), methanogens (Bernard et al. 1992), and anaerobic heterotrophs (Grassia et al. 199
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