Ag 2 O/GO/TiO 2 composite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and optical studies
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RESEARCH
Ag2O/GO/TiO2 composite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and optical studies Farzad Bayati 1 & Mohammad Kazem Mohammadi 2 & Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh 1 & Ali Akbar Babaei 1,3 Received: 31 January 2020 / Revised: 23 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 # Australian Ceramic Society 2020
Abstract Ag2O/GO/TiO2 composite nanoparticles were synthesized via a two-stage route including wet chemical and sol-gel techniques. The phase regarding the composition and morphology of composite nanoparticles was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The structural studies revealed the successful formation of 300-nm Ag2O/GO/TiO2 composite spheres self-assembled to 35-nm particle aggregates. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was utilized to investigate optical properties. The results indicated an absorption edge in the UV region with a band-gap equivalent to 3.2 eV for Ag2O/GO/TiO2 composite nanoparticles. The morphological features of the sample were investigated with a Zeiss (EM10C, Germany) transmission electron microscope (TEM) operating at 100 kV. Keywords Silver oxide . Titanium dioxide . GO . Composite structures: nanoparticles
Introduction Due to their considerable performances in electronics, photonics, solar cells, and environmental applications such as air and water purification, the development of nano-sized metal-oxide semiconductors has attracted increasing attention [1–7]. Since the observation of the photosensitization effect by Fujishima et al. in 1971 [1], titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductors have been extensively studied because of their good biological and chemical stability, low cost, nontoxicity, and remarkable optical decomposition ability [8]. Titanium dioxide can be found in four forms of distinct polymorphs including anatase, rutile, brookite, and monoclinic phases [9]. TiO2 nanostructures have been potential candidates for applications as pigments, optical filters,
* Mohammad Kazem Mohammadi [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
antireflection coatings, chemical sensors, sterilization materials, and catalysts [10]. A wide variety of techniques like the coprecipitation method [10], hydrothermal treatment [11], and sol-gel method [12] have been utilized for the synthesis of TiO2 nanostructures. For example, Nagaraj et al. proposed a novel photon-induced method (PIM) to produce oxygen-rich TiO2 with modified optical band-gap and high stability [13]. Abisharani et al. described the green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles from titanium try chloride (TiCl3) solution using the extract of Cucurbita pepo seeds [14]. In a study, nonaqueous reactions between titanium (IV) chlor
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