Air sampling for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in commercial poultry flocks
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(2020) 13:556 Brown et al. BMC Res Notes https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-05399-2
Open Access
RESEARCH NOTE
Air sampling for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in commercial poultry flocks Lauren Brown1,2, Dilhani Premaratna1, Yonatan Segal3 and Travis Beddoe1,3*
Abstract Objective: Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry, caused by gallid herpesvirus 1 (ILTV), which causes significant economic losses. Due to recent outbreaks of ILT in Australia, it has been proposed that ILT could be transmitted between poultry sheds by airborne transmission; however, there has never been direct detection of ILTV from air samples. We aimed to optimize a sampling system for the detection of airborne ILTV in poultry sheds. Results: Poultry farms with a known outbreaks of ILT were used for detection of airborne ILTV. Infected chickens were verified by detection of ILTV nucleic acid in feather shafts with all farms being positive. Using a liquid cyclonic impinging device, it was found that recovery and detection of airborne ILTV was possible in alkaline PEG buffer. Additional sampling was performed at different heights to determine the presence of ILTV in the air. In farm 3, all three air samples at both heights were positive for ILTV while at farm 2 only one sample at 45 cm was positive. We envisaged in the future air sampling will be able to detect and track potential transmission of ILTV both inside and outside of the poultry shed. Keywords: Air sampling, ILT, PCR, Gallid herpesvirus 1, Poultry Introduction The causative agent of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is gallid herpesvirus 1, a highly contiguous virus that is characterized by severe dyspnea, coughing, and rales [1]. ILT infection has a significant economic impact on the poultry industry across the world due to reduce egg production and large mortality rate (up to 70%) [2]. Live attenuated vaccines, and biosecurity measures are currently the most effective control measures for ILT [2]. However, outbreaks of ILT occur regularly in Australia and recently, this resulted in novel strains due to recombination of the vaccine strains [3, 4]. *Correspondence: [email protected] 3 Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Victorian Government, Attwood, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Due to the substantial increase in the number of outbreaks of ILT in broiler farms in the Mornington Peninsula area of Victoria raised the concerns about the route of transmission of gallid herpesvirus 1. Potential sources of gallid herpesvirus 1 infection between poultry farms are infected chickens, contaminated litter, dust, drinking water, fomites and darkling beetles, which infect poultry through ocular and respiratory routes [2]. However, there were concerns that transmission between farms were occurring by being air. A single report suggests that airborne transmission is the likelihood of infection is ten times higher when within the
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