Molecular detection and genetic characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry in Myanmar
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Molecular detection and genetic characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry in Myanmar Zhiyuan Yang1,2, Shiro Murata1* , Sotaro Fujisawa1, Masaki Takehara1, Ken Katakura1, Myint Myint Hmoon3, Shwe Yee Win3, Saw Bawm3, Satoru Konnai1 and Kazuhiko Ohashi1
Abstract Background: Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Although it is known that infectious respiratory pathogens, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), are a major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a molecular detection of ILTV in 20 poultry farms in Myanmar. Results: Of the 57 tested oropharyngeal swabs, 10 were positive for ILTV by polymerase chain reaction of a 647 bp region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, giving a prevalence of ILTV of 17.5% (10/57). Further sequencing analysis of infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) gene and glycoprotein B, G, and J (gB, gG, and gJ) genes indicated that these isolates were field strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains clustered together in a single branch and were closely related to other reference strains isolated from Asian countries. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the presence of ILTV in poultry farms in Myanmar. The genetic characterization analysis performed provides the fundamental data for epidemiological studies that monitor circulating strains of ILTV in Myanmar. Keywords: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Molecular detection, Myanmar, Poultry, Phylogeny
Background Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease that affects adult chickens, which is characterized by inflammation and hemorrhage of the larynx and trachea [1]. The etiological agent is Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1), a member of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Iltovirus, and is commonly called infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) [2]. Acute ILTV infection can cause high morbidity and mortality in chickens while chronic infection is characterized by decreased growth rates and reduced egg production [3], thus causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Myanmar, which is located in the northeast edge of Southeast Asia, is the
© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original
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