Allopolyploid origin of the Balkan endemic Ranunculus wettsteinii (Ranunculaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Allopolyploid origin of the Balkan endemic Ranunculus wettsteinii (Ranunculaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences Eduardo Cires & Matthias Baltisberger & Candela Cuesta & Pablo Vargas & José Antonio Fernández Prieto
Received: 27 October 2012 / Accepted: 31 July 2013 / Published online: 28 August 2013 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2013
Abstract The Balkan Peninsula, characterized by high rates of endemism, is recognised as one of the most diverse and speciesrich areas of Europe. However, little is known about the origin of Balkan endemics. The present study addresses the phylogenetic position of the Balkan endemic Ranunculus wettsteinii, as well as its taxonomic status and relationship with the widespread R. parnassiifolius, based on nuclear DNA (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and plastid regions (rpl32-trnL , rps16-trnQ, trnK-matK and ycf6-psbM). Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses revealed a well-supported clade formed by accessions of R. wettsteinii. Furthermore, our phylogenetic and network analyses supported previous hypotheses of a likely allopolyploid origin for R. wettsteinii between R. montenegrinus and R. parnassiifolius, with the latter as the maternal parent.
E. Cires (*) : J. A. F. Prieto Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain e-mail: [email protected] M. Baltisberger Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstr. 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland P. Vargas Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain Present Address: E. Cires : C. Cuesta Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
Keywords Balkan Peninsula . Internal transcribed spacer . Plastid DNA . Ranunculus . Species trees . Systematic
Introduction The Balkan Peninsula shows one of the highest degrees of species richness and endemism of Europe, and is recognised widely as a centre of biodiversity in Europe (Gaston and David 1994). However, detailed phylogeographic and molecular systematic studies of the Balkan biota are rare because sampling has been restricted until recently, due to conflicts and wars in the area (however see e.g. Park et al. 2006; Frajman and Oxelman 2007; Kučera et al. 2008; Magyari et al. 2008; Slovák et al. 2009; Lo Presti et al. 2010; Mereďa et al. 2011; Surina et al. 2011), so the level of knowledge is poorer than in other areas (but see Bittkau and Comes 2005; Albach et al. 2009; Surina et al. 2011). The genus Ranunculus L. (buttercups) has a cosmopolitan distribution and comprises about 600 herbaceous species (Tamura 1995; Hörandl et al. 2005; Emadzade et al. 2010; Hörandl and Emadzade 2012). It is the largest genus of Ranunculaceae and one of the 50 largest genera of angiosperms (Frodin 2004). Recent molecular studies (Cires et al. 2009, 2010, 2012; Cires and Fernández Prieto 2012) present a new evolutionary scenario for the European group Ranun
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