Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Antillean endemic genus Leptocereus (Cactaceae) inferred from chloroplast markers and morp
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Antillean endemic genus Leptocereus (Cactaceae) inferred from chloroplast markers and morphological evidence Duniel Barrios1 · Luis R. González‑Torres2 · Salvador Arias3 · Lucas C. Majure4,5 Received: 16 February 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Leptocereus is an Antillean genus of thin-stemmed cacti with 17 described species. We carried out a phylogenetic reconstruction with plastid DNA sequence data and a combined analysis with a set of 39 morphological characters using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria to explore the monophyly of the genus. We further analyzed the evolution of eight morphological characters to interpret the circumscription of Leptocereus and test for putative synapomorphies for the clade. Five plastid markers (trnL-F, trnQ-rps16, psbA-trnH, petL-psbE, and rpl16) were sequenced for fifteen species of Leptocereus, seven species of the related genera (Armatocereus, Dendrocereus, Strophocactus) and ten species from Hylocereeae, Pachycereinae, Stenocereinae were used as outgroup taxa. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that Leptocereus is paraphyletic with a clade of the two Dendrocereus species nested within it. All Cuban species constitute a monophyletic group, as do the species of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, which are sister to the Cuban clade + Dendrocereus clade. No morphological character analyzed here was synapomorphic for the genus, but sunken areoles in the depressions of the ribs were a character present in all subclades of Leptocereus. Based on our molecular data and extensive fieldwork, a new circumscription of Leptocereus is proposed, which includes three new combinations (Leptocereus albellus comb. et stat. nov., L. nudiflorus comb. nov., L. undulosus comb. nov.). Keywords Armatocereus · Caribbean · Cuba · Dendrocereus · Hispaniola · Morphology · Plastid DNA
Introduction Handling Editor: Livia Wanntorp. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01693-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lucas C. Majure [email protected] 1
Grupo de Ecología y Conservación, Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
2
Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
3
Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
4
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
5
Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Leptocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose is a genus of cacti that includes erect, scandent or prostrate shrubs, or which are sometimes arborescent, with segmented and often thin branches, 17 described species (Anderson 2001; ArecesMallea 2003, 2018), and is endemic to the Antilles. There are 12 recognized species on Cuba, three on Hispaniola and two on P
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