Alpine tundra species phenology is mostly driven by climate-related variables rather than by photoperiod
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http://jms.imde.ac.cn https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6079-2
Alpine tundra species phenology is mostly driven by climate-related variables rather than by photoperiod
QUAGLIA Elena1*
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-3152;
RAVETTO ENRI Simone1 PEROTTI Elisa2
e-mail: [email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-8031; e-mail: [email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-4410; e-mail: [email protected]
PROBO Massimiliano2
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-7557; e-mail: [email protected]
LOMBARDI Giampiero1† LONATI Michele1†
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-2374; e-mail: [email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-0328; e-mail: [email protected]
* Corresponding author † These authors contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (To), Italy 2 Grazing Systems, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland Citation: Quaglia E, Ravetto Enri S, Perotti E, et al. (2020) Alpine tundra species phenology is mostly driven by climaterelated variables rather than by photoperiod. Journal of Mountain Science 17. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11629-020-6079-2 © The Author(s) 2020.
Abstract: The study of plant phenology has frequently been used to link phenological events to various factors, such as temperature or photoperiod. In the high-alpine environment, proper timing of the phenological cycle has always been crucial to overcome harsh conditions and potential extreme events (i.e. spring frosts) but little is known about the response dynamics of the vegetation, which could shape the alpine landscape in a future of changing climate. Alpine tundra vegetation is composed by an array of species belonging to different phytosociological optima and with various survival strategies, and snowbed communities are a relevant expression of such an extreme-climate adapted flora. We set eight permanent plots with each one in a snowbed located on the Cimalegna plateau in Northwestern Italy and then we selected 10 most recurring species among our plots, all typical of the alpine tundra environment and classified in 3 Received: 12-Mar-2020 1st Revision: 11-Jun-2020 2nd Revision: 30-Jun-2020 Accepted: 16-Jul-2020
different pools: snowbed specialists, grassland species and rocky debris species. For 3 years we registered the phenophases of each species during the whole growing season using an adaptation of the BBCH scale. We later focused on the three most biologically relevant phenophases, i.e., flower buds visible, full flowering, and beginning of seed dispersion. Three important season-related variables were chosen to investigate their relationship with the phenological cycle of the studied species: (i) the Day Of Year (DOY), the progressive number of days starting from the 1st of January, used as a proxy of photoperiod, (ii) Days From Snow Melt (DFSM), selected to include the relevance of the snow dynamics, and (
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