An adaptive reversible watermarking in IWT domain
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An adaptive reversible watermarking in IWT domain Lingzhuang Meng 1 & Lianshan Liu 1
1
& Gang Tian & Xiaoli Wang
1
Received: 20 February 2020 / Revised: 4 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
An adaptive reversible watermarking in integer wavelet transform (IWT) domain was proposed in this paper. It could adaptively embed according to the size of the watermark, achieve blind extraction, and the extracted image was completely lossless. A new method of embedding watermark into diagonal components based on the relationship between adjacent elements in the approximate component was used. First, an integer wavelet transform was performed on the carrier image, and a threshold was adaptively set using the element relationship in the approximate component. Then a block with a higher smoothness in the approximate component was selected, and the watermark was embedded into its corresponding diagonal component image block. Since the threshold, the length and width of the watermark were also embedded in the image, it became possible to extract the watermark without knowing the threshold and the size of the watermark. Experimental data show that compared with different carrier pictures and similar algorithms, this method has better visual effects and less distortion, and the extracted image does not have any pixel difference from the original image. It can be used for special applications, such as medical image transmission, forensic document verification, etc. Keywords Adaptive embedding . Blind extraction . Reversible watermarking . Wavelet transforms
* Lianshan Liu [email protected] Lingzhuang Meng [email protected] Gang Tian [email protected] Xiaoli Wang [email protected]
1
College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266+590, China
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Reversible watermarking is an important branch of information hiding technology. This is of great significance for copyright protection and preventing tampering and forgery of digital carrier data (such as audio, image, video, software, etc.). Among them, the watermarks of audio [28], image [32] and video are achieved by adding or reducing data in the carrier. The software watermark [5, 40] needs to be combined with an algorithm to hide information in the algorithm to ensure that the software is not tampered with or forged. For different application areas of watermarking, many people have proposed various solutions. For medical image tampering detection and tampering location technology, Gull et al. [13] proposed a watermarking scheme, which refined the image block into two parts, and embedded different information respectively for tampering detection and tampering location. This solution had low computational complexity, and was suitable for fields that require realtime processing and location tampering. Thanki et al. [36] proposed a mixed-domain watermarking scheme, which converted audio info
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