An Analytical Study of Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Agra Region
The Physicochemical parameters were studied for groundwater samples collected from different places in Agra region. The main purpose of this study was to find the quality of water for drinking, irrigation, and domestic purpose from selected location. Ther
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rs • Groundwater • WHO • BIS • Heavy
1 Introduction Groundwater occurs as a part of the hydrological transformations of permeable structured zones of the rocks gravel and sand. Groundwater can be obtained from aquifers to hypopheric zones. Fractured crystalline bedrocks are excellent sources of potable water in many parts of the world. The groundwater passing through soil dissolves various salts and causing direct threat to the life of human beings and other living beings. These substances may be the important components of the C. Prerna (*) · D. Singh · A. K. Srivastava Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi 284001, Uttar Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected] P. K. Pathak Sunder Deep Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad 201010, India S. Sathiyamoorthy et al. (eds.), Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering and Technology, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1007-8_49, © Springer India 2012
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human environment. Some of them may be either beneficial or toxic depending on their concentrations. The mobilization of various toxics in an environment may be hazardous to human health [13]. Groundwater satisfies the domestic, agricultural, and industrial need of the people. In today’s world, the demand of water is swiftly increasing due to substantial increase in population, industrialization, and urbanization. This demand is fulfilled by surface water and groundwater. Both the water resources largely bank on ice melting and rainfall. In this scenario, to provide safe drinking water is a very big accountability for the governments. Today, a big part of the population does not have pure water to drink. Easily and regularly available clean drinking water is still a harsh task to achieve not only in deserts but also in most of the megacities and small towns. Groundwater is an excellent reservoir of water but as rivers, lakes, and streams are influenced by natural and human factors, groundwater is also facing the same situation around the world. Human activities, hydrological aspects, and characteristics of recharged water affect the quality of groundwater. As groundwater is used in high extent, some troubles are created such as water logging, land subsidence, lowering of water table, sea water, and intrusion in coastal aquifers and deterioration in water quality [1]. Groundwater is a very sensitive topic which has significance not only at local level, but at global level also [2]. Groundwater quality is slowly but surely declining everywhere. Groundwater pollution is intrinsically difficult to detect, since problem may well be concealed below the surface and monitoring is costly, time consuming, and somewhat hitor-miss by nature. Many times, the contamination is not detected until obnoxious substances actually appear in water used, by which time the pollution has often dispersed over a large area. Keeping this in view, it was thought worthwhile to determine of Agra groundwater to establish the baseline for the estimation of future cont
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