An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion
For a long time I have had the gnawing desire to convey the broad motivational sig nificance of the attributional conception that I have espoused and to present fully the argument that this framework has earned a rightful place alongside other leading th
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An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo
Bernard Weiner Department of Psychology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90024 U.S.A.
With 60 Figures Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Weiner, Bernard. An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. (Springer series in social psychology) Bibliography p. Includes index. 1. Motivation (Psychology) 2. Emotions 3.Attribution (Social psychology) I. Title. II. Series. 153.8 86-1807 BF503.W44 1986 ©1986 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by Publishers Service, Bozeman, Montana. 987 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13:978-1-4612-9370-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4948-1
e-ISBN-13:978-1-4612-4948-1
Better to attempt to light one small candle than to curse the darkness Confucius
Preface
For a long time I have had the gnawing desire to convey the broad motivational significance of the attributional conception that I have espoused and to present fully the argument that this framework has earned a rightful place alongside other leading theories of motivation. Furthermore, recent investigations have yielded insights into the attributional determinants of affect, thus providing the impetus to embark upon a detailed discussion of emotion and to elucidate the relation between emotion and motivation from an attributional perspective. The presentation of a unified theory of motivation and emotion is the goal of this book. My more specific aims in the chapters to follow are to: 1) Outline the basic principles that I believe characterize an adequate theory of motivation; 2) Convey what I perceive to be the conceptual contributions of the perspective advocated by my colleagues and me; 3) Summarize the empirical relations, reach some definitive conclusions, and point out the more equivocal empirical associations based on hypotheses derived from our particular attribution theory; and 4) Clarify questions that have been raised about this conception and provide new material for still further scrutiny. In so doing, the building blocks (if any) laid down by the attributional conception will be readily identified and unknown juries of present and future peers can then better determine the value of this scientific product. Engaging in this task requires a degree of both megalomania and couragemegalomania because one assumes that the work deserves the attention of others and has some belief that their judgments will be positive; courage because nomerous er