An Efficient and Low-Latency MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
This paper proposes EL-MAC, a contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocol, which is efficient and low-latency for the wireless sensor network (WSN). EL-MAC introduces duty-cycle and virtual cluster scheme within the framework of S-MAC to reduce
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Abstract: This paper proposes EL-MAC, a contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocol, which is efficient and low-latency for the wireless sensor network (WSN). EL-MAC introduces duty-cycle and virtual cluster scheme within the framework of S-MAC to reduce energy consumption and to self-organize network. Besides, Inspired by D-MAC, the scheme of data forwarding chain (DFC) is proposed for reducing the latency in multi-hop transmission. The experiment of simulation shows that EL-MAC has lower latency and higher throughput with comparative energy consumption on different traffic load condition than S-MAC.
1 Introduction Wireless sensor networking (WSN) is one of the latest technologies and has been rapidly developed recently. It has a wide range of potential applications in many areas, such as environment detection, target tracking, industrial control and medical care, etc. Normally, WSN consists of hundreds or thousands of micro sensor nodes that organize themselves as wireless multi-hop network. Compare with traditional wireless networks, WSN is more constrained by limited energy resource, low storage capacity and restricted communication bandwidth. Therefore, Protocols are necessary to be reconsidered, instance topology, routing, MAC and synchronization. This paper makes the study on the medium access control protocol of WSN. Here not only energy conservation is focused on as most previous researchers do, but also the efficiency should be considered. S-MAC [2] is an efficient protocol for WSN and conserves energy by using duty-cycle, overhearing avoidance and message passing schemes. However, strict schedulers of S-MAC incur data forwarding interruption (DFI) problem in multi-hop transmission since packets must wait for next cycle to be forwarded. The DFI problem brings on high latency, and moreover, the delay time accumulates hop by hop and is intolerable for real-time system. For solving the DFI problem, the author of S-MAC has appended adaptive listening scheme [3] into his design, yet it can just forward one more hop in a cycle. Another method is proposed in D-MAC [7], which is designed by using data gathering trees to collect data from several sources to one sink to reduce latency. Nevertheless, its TDMA-Based scheme requires high-precision synchronization and be less expansible in dynamic network. H. Zhang et al. (Eds.): MSN 2007, LNCS 4864, pp. 209–220, 2007. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007
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Z. Gu and J. Sun
Inspired by D-MAC, EL-MAC utilizes data forwarding chain (DFC) to transfer packets hop by hop. Dissimilarly, the data forwarding chain is built by contending means. According to the DFC scheme, correlative nodes staggered wake up in proper time so that packets could be duly forwarded as more hops as possible in a cycle. Forwarded hops of a packet in a DFC not only relate to packet’s size and periodic time, but also relate to network traffic and contention situation, which will be detailed in the later text. The experiment environment of simulation for our protocol is described a
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