An efficient message broadcasting MAC protocol for VANETs
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An efficient message broadcasting MAC protocol for VANETs Zhiping Lin1
•
Yanglong Sun1
•
Yuliang Tang1
•
Zhaohui Liu2
Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Future vehicular communication systems must provide inter-vehicle communication to ensure driving safety, and broadcasting safety messages to neighboring vehicles is a critical strategy. However, due to high mobility and variable topology, collisions may occur in message broadcasting. Moreover, channel utilization is also a great challenge for protocol design in a large-scale vehicular network. In this paper, we propose a novel frame structure and then design an efficient messages broadcasting MAC protocol, which allows beacon and emergency messages to share the channel and thus saves bandwidth resources. By distinguishing the priority of these two types messages and setting channel resource preemption mechanism, the protocol greatly reduces message collision probability and meets the latency requirements. In addition, we use Markov model and birth-death process to analyze the performance of channel access and emergency latency, respectively. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed protocol. Keywords Message collision Efficient broadcasting protocol MAC VANETs
1 Introduction Vehicular communication systems are highly regarded by academics and industry because they provide active safety services for vehicles [1–3]. To address driving safety problems, the system establishes a network through which vehicles can connect with everything via Vehicles to Vehicles (V2V), Vehicles to Infrastructures (V2I) and Vehicles to Pedestrian (V2P) communication. Of these, V2V communication is a noteworthy topic [4]. One important application in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is low-latency message broadcasting, especially in the case of non-centralized control nodes, where a
Zhiping Lin and Yanglong Sun are co-first authors; they contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61731012, Grant 91638204, and Grant 61371081. & Yuliang Tang [email protected] 1
School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
2
School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
vehicle must receive messages from neighbors to obtain surrounding vehicle information [3, 5, 6]. Within a distributed vehicular networking environment, the high-speed movement of vehicles leads to frequent network topology changes, including changeable nodes number and relative locations; thus, collisions can easily occur when vehicles broadcast messages in an unpredictable network environment. It is therefore important to design a Media Access Control (MAC) protocol to effectively avoid/reduce message collisions. Distributed MAC protocols in the VANETs can currently be divided into two main categories: (1) Dedicated Short Rang Communication (DSRC), which adopts a
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