An efficient data routing scheme for multi-patient monitoring in a biomedical sensor network through energy equalization
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An efficient data routing scheme for multi-patient monitoring in a biomedical sensor network through energy equalization strategy Soumyak Chandra1 • Abhijit Chandra2 • Rajarshi Gupta1 Accepted: 25 September 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Biomedical sensor networks find wide applications in human health monitoring. In such applications, routing strategies in the sensor nodes play a key role towards energy efficiency of the overall system. In this work, we present a new data routing scheme, which is based on residual energy in a node and equalization (named EEQ) among the neighbours to achieve enhanced average node lifetime under short range monitoring scenario. The scheme was hardware implemented using 12 number of indigenous ATmega328 based static biomedical sensor nodes (BSN) arranged in a grid matrix spread over a floor area of 564 sqm. The objective was to collect short duration electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram signals from human subjects in a local supervisory computer placed outside the grid. Under simulation platform using 100 BSNs with first order radio model, it was found that the average node lifetime was enhanced by 17% against without EEQ evaluated over 10,000 consecutive data collection sessions. The proposed scheme can be useful for providing low cost solution in healthcare settings in developing nations like India. Keywords Biomedical sensor nodes Routing Energy efficiency Latency Node lifetime
1 Introduction Wireless sensor networks (WSN) find wide acceptance in distributed monitoring applications, like structural health, smart transportation [1], power systems [2], cellular networks [3], space information network [4] weather forecasting, building surveillance and human health [5]. The research on low power, miniature sensors with powerful computing and communication capability has significantly contributed to the growth of sensor network applications. One of the prominent applications of WSNs is human health monitoring [6], which is categorized under & Rajarshi Gupta [email protected] Soumyak Chandra [email protected] Abhijit Chandra [email protected] 1
Electrical Engineering Section, Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Instrumentation and Electronics Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
following heads, viz., elderly patient monitoring for quality-of-life (QoL) improvement [7]; and hospital patient monitoring [8, 9]. For data communication in biomedical sensor nodes (BSN), ZigBee standard (IEEE 802.15.4) has become the most popular choice due to its moderate data rate, low power and in-built encryption mechanism [6]. A ZigBee network system can be classified under peer-topeer, mesh, tree and star topology with broadcast, multicast, unicast and anycast routing. With the increase in ageing population in society, monitoring of non-critical patient has become one of the key applications of wireless sensor netw
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