An extended ACO-based mobile sink path determination in wireless sensor networks
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
An extended ACO‑based mobile sink path determination in wireless sensor networks Praveen Kumar Donta1 · Tarachand Amgoth1 · Chandra Sekhara Rao Annavarapu1 Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a mobile sink accumulate the data instead of routing directly to the sink to avoid the hotspot problem. In this process, it traverses a predetermined path by visiting a set of nodes called the rendezvous point (RP), and all the non-rendezvous points can transmit their data to the closest RP. Identifying the best collection of RPs and determining the mobile sink traveling path will decrease data loss and improve network performance. However, choosing a set of RPs and the route between them is a challenging task. It is more complicated in the event-driven applications due to the uneven data rate of SNs. In this context, we propose an extended ant colony optimization (ACO)-based mobile sink path construction for event-driven WSNs. In this, the best set of the RPs and the efficient mobile sink traveling path between them is determined. In addition to this, the RPs re-selection mechanism also adopted for balancing the energy between the nodes. After that, the virtual RPs are introduced to minimize the data transmissions between the sensor nodes and RPs. This process will improve WSNs’ performance in terms of reducing data losses while increasing network lifetime. The improved performance of the extended ACO-MSPD over existing is confirmed through simulation tests. Keywords Wireless sensor networks · Mobile sink path determination · Ant colony optimization · Network lifetime · Energy-hole problem
1 Introduction Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a finite set of sensor nodes (SN), and each node collects the stockpile data from the place where it was deployed and transmit it to the base station (BS) or sink (Akyildiz et al. 2002; Praveen Kumar et al. 2019; Cui et al. 2020; Sah and Amgoth 2020; Bhola et al. 2020). The data communications between the SN and BS uses either direct or multi-hop manner. Due to the energy constraint of the SNs, a multi-hop interface consumes more energy during the data transmissions (Yetgin et al. 2017). Notably, the SNs near the BS are more * Tarachand Amgoth [email protected] Praveen Kumar Donta [email protected] Chandra Sekhara Rao Annavarapu [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
affected than the other nodes in the network, leading to the energy-hole problem (Salarian et al. 2014; Wen et al. 2017; Praveen Kumar et al. 2018; Zhao et al. 2020). The energyhole problem detaches the sink from network and stops the data gathering process. Therefore, it is imperative to balance the energy of the SNs among them to prolong the network lifetime and data gathering process. However, using singlehop communication avoids the hotspot pr
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