Solid Biofuels for Energy A Lower Greenhouse Gas Alternative
Climate change, environmental impact and declining natural resources are driving scientific research and novel technical solutions. Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to "green" - i.e.,
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Panagiotis Grammelis Editor
Solid Biofuels for Energy A Lower Greenhouse Gas Alternative
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Panagiotis Grammelis, PhD Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH) Institute for Solid Fuels Technology & Applications (ISFTA) 357–359 Mesogeion Ave. Halandri 152 31 Athens Greece [email protected]
ISSN 1865-3529 e-ISSN 1865-3537 ISBN 978-1-84996-392-3 e-ISBN 978-1-84996-393-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84996-393-0 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2010936094 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Nuclepore is a trademark of Whatman Ltd., or one of its subsidiaries. Whatman plc, Springfield Mill, James Whatman Way, Maidstone, Kent, ME14 2LE, UK, http://www.whatman.com Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Girona/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Fossil fuels are widely used for electricity generation and heating, emitting greenhouse gases and other toxic pollutants, which should be minimized according to the most recent environmental legislation. The utilization of solid fuels of biogenic origin could contribute to some extent towards this aim. Although a lot of information is available for liquid biofuels, only few data can be found for the research trends in the solid biofuels sector. The scope of this edition is to present the current status of the engineering disciplines in the specific area, providing an extensive overview of the energy exploitation options of solid biomass. In this sense, all thematic priorities related to the solid bioenergy potential and standardization, energy technologies – commercialized and emerging ones – and quality of solid residues are presented. Special attention has been given to biomass co-firing with coal, since it has the highest potential for commercial application in large-scale units, whilst combustion and gasification are more promising for units of small to medium scale. Ke
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