Analysis of the microRNA expression profiles of chicken dendritic cells in response to H9N2 avian influenza virus infect
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Analysis of the microRNA expression profiles of chicken dendritic cells in response to H9N2 avian influenza virus infection Jing Yang1, Xinmei Huang1,2, Yuzhuo Liu1, Dongmin Zhao1,2, Kaikai Han1,2, Lijiao Zhang1, Yin Li1,2 and Qingtao Liu1*
Abstract MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a key role in virus-host interactions. Here, we employed deep sequencing technology to determine cellular miRNA expression profiles in chicken dendritic cells infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). A total of 66 known and 36 novel miRNAs were differently expressed upon H9N2 infection, including 72 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated miRNAs. Functional analysis showed that the predicted targets of these miRNAs were significantly enriched in several pathways including endocytosis, notch, lysosome, p53, RIG-I-like and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. These data provide valuable information for further investigating the roles of miRNA in AIV pathogenesis and host defense response. Keywords: H9N2 avian influenza virus, microRNA, chicken dendritic cell, pathogenesis, host defense response Introduction, methods and results H9N2 AIV has been circulating worldwide in multiple avian species and is endemic in poultry populations across Eurasia. On poultry farms, H9N2 AIV could result in a decrease in growth performance and egg production, and reduce the efficacy of vaccine interventions, and cause serious disease and even death with secondary infections of bacterial or viral pathogens [1, 2]. Although great efforts have been made to develop intervention strategies to control H9N2 AIV infections in poultry, including a vaccination program with inactivated vaccines in China, H9N2 AIV outbreaks have continued to occur over the past two decades. Significantly, poultries have served as key intermediates in the transmission of *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio‑products, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
AIV from avian species to humans, and H9N2 AIV has occasionally been transmitted from poultries to humans [1]. More seriously, H9N2 AIV has donated their internal genes to other subtype AIVs and facilitated the genesis of other emerging human-lethal AIVs, such as H5N1, H7N9, H10N8 and H5N6 AIVs [1]. Therefore, understanding the interaction mechanism between H9N2 AIVs and chickens is not only essential to the control of avian influenza in poultry, but also important for human health. MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs with a length of about 22 nucleotides, and could regulate gene expression by base pairing with the 3′- or 5′-UTR of the target mRNAs. They have been shown to be implicated in several cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, immune and inflammatory re
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