Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Eimeria acervulina modulates the functions of chicken dendritic cells to b
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Glyceraldehyde‑3‑phosphate dehydrogenase from Eimeria acervulina modulates the functions of chicken dendritic cells to boost Th1 type immune response and stimulates autologous CD4+ T cells differentiation in‑vitro Shakeel Ahmed Lakho†, Muhammad Haseeb†, Jianmei Huang, Zhang Yang, Muhammad Waqqas Hasan, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Muhammad Ali‑ul‑Husnain Naqvi, Muhammad Ali Memon, XiaoKai Song, RuoFeng Yan, Lixin Xu and XiangRui Li*
Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role to amplify antigen-specific immune responses. Antigens that sensitize T cells via antigen-presentation by DCs could enhance the capacity of host immunity to fight infections. In this study, we tested the immunogenic profiles of chicken DCs towards Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Eimeria acervulina (EaGAPDH). Immunoblot analysis showed that recombinant EaGAPDH (rEaGAPDH) protein was successfully recognized by rat sera generated against rEaGAPDH. Interaction and internalisation of rEaGAPDH by chicken splenicderived DCs (chSPDCs) was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. Flow cytometry revealed that chSPDCs upregulated MHCII, CD1.1, CD11c, CD80, and CD86 cell-surface markers. Moreover, mRNA expressions of DC matura‑ tion biomarkers (CCL5, CCR7, and CD83) and TLR signalling genes (TLR15 and MyD88) were also upregulated whereas those of Wnt signalling were non-significant compared to negative controls. rEaGAPDH treatment induced IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion in chSPDCs but had no effect on IL-10 and TGF-β. Likewise, DC-T cell co-culture promoted IFN-γ secre‑ tion and the level of IL-4 was unaffected. Proliferation of T cells and their differentiation into CD3+/CD4+ T cells were triggered in chSPDCs-T cells co-culture system. Taken together, rEaGAPDH could promote Th1 polarization by activat‑ ing both host DCs and T cells and sheds new light on the role of this important molecule which might contribute to the development of new DCs-based immunotherapeutic strategies against coccidiosis. Keywords: Eimeria species, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chicken dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, cytokines, toll-like receptors, coccidiosis
*Correspondence: [email protected] † Shakeel Ahmed Lakho and Muhammad Haseeb contributed equally to this work MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Introduction Chicken coccidiosis is a complex intestinal disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. This disease results in diarrhoea, dehydration, loss of weight, and mortality in susceptible birds [2, 9]. It has,
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