Anthropogenic Invasion of Micromycetes to Undisturbed Ecosystems of the Larsemann Hills Oasis (East Antarctica)
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ropogenic Invasion of Micromycetes to Undisturbed Ecosystems of the Larsemann Hills Oasis (East Antarctica) D. Yu. Vlasova, b, *, I. Yu. Kirtsidelib, E. V. Abakumova, Yu. K. Novozhilovb, M. S. Zelenskayaa, and E. P. Barantsevichc aSt.
Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia c Almazov Northwestern Federal Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, 197341 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] b
Received October 28, 2019; revised April 4, 2020; accepted May 7, 2020
Abstract—The Progress Station is the largest Russian Antarctic station. The anthropogenic impact on primary soils in the area of this station is reflected in the chemical structure of soils and structure of microbial communities. The article shows a multiple increase in the number of microorganisms (especially microscopic fungi) in contaminated soils around the Progress Station. The anthropogenic impact changes the structure of complexes of soil microorganisms. The proportion of mesophilic microorganisms significantly increases under these conditions. Fifty-three micromycete species of 28 genera have been identified in samples of primary soils and anthropogenic substrates. Their diversity decreases from the anthropogenic soils and anthropogenic substrates to the control (“clean”) soils. It is shown that an increase in the number of micromycete species in the area of the polar station results from the invasion of new micromycete species due to human activities. Some native species of micromycetes can adapt to anthropogenic substrates and can be destructors of different introduced materials. Over 56 and 70% among micromycetes from the contaminated soils and anthropogenic substrates, respectively, can be considered potentially pathogenic species. Therefore, invasive processes change the structure of complexes of soil micromycetes, which can serve as an indicator of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems in the Larsemann Hills oasis in East Antarctica. Keywords: Antarctic ecosystems, anthropogenic impact, microscopic fungi, invasive species, soil mycobiota, potential pathogens DOI: 10.1134/S2075111720030121
INTRODUCTION The human activity in areas of polar stations in Antarctica is accompanied by changes in natural complexes formed under severe environmental conditions. Microorganisms that form the basis of Antarctic ecosystems are transported by air flows and seawater over large distances; most importantly, they can also be transported by humans together with different materials. The extent of anthropogenic invasion of microorganisms to the Antarctic is studied insufficiently. Therefore, comparative studies of microbial communities in natural and anthropogenically altered habitats are of great interest. The studies of Antarctic microbiota over the past three decades have significantly expanded the knowledge of the diversity and role of microorganisms under extreme Antarctic conditions. This also fully applies to microscopic
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