Anticancer and cytotoxic effects of troxerutin on HeLa cell line: an in-vitro model of cervical cancer
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Anticancer and cytotoxic effects of troxerutin on HeLa cell line: an in-vitro model of cervical cancer Jalal Hassanshahi1,2 · Afsaneh Mirzahosseini‑pourranjbar3 · Zahra Hajializadeh4 · Ayat Kaeidi1,2 Received: 8 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cervical cancer is one of the grave uterine tumors which leads to death in women worldwide. Troxerutin (TRX) as a bioflavonoid compound has many pharmacological effects such as anti-neoplastic, radioprotective, and anti-cancer. The present study was designed to examine the cytotoxic effect of TRX on human HeLa tumor cells. Human HeLa cells were cultured and treated with different doses of TRX (20–640 mg/ml) to evaluate the effective half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) after 24 h. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was used for cell proliferation assay. Also, the Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protein expression levels were detected with immunoblotting analysis. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels were measured via their commercial kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that TRX at 320 mg/ml concentration ( IC50) has a growth inhibitory effect against HeLa cells at 24 h treatment (P ˂ 0.01). Moreover, it increased the MDA concentration and also decreased the GPx and SOD activity levels at 320 mg/ ml concentration versus control (P
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