Antimicrobial Activity of the Antibacterial Peptide PMAP-GI24 and Its Analogs
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Antimicrobial Activity of the Antibacterial Peptide PMAP‑GI24 and Its Analogs Yongqing Liu1 · Zhiling Yan2 · Jun Chai3 · Jiangfei Zhou1 · Chen Wang1 Accepted: 14 January 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Because of the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, the antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has attracted attention. In this study, two PMAP-GI24 peptide analogs, PMAP-24WW and PMAP-24KK, were synthesized by extending the α-helix and increasing the positive charge of the parental peptide. The antibacterial activities of PMAP-GI24 and its analogs were detected in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that after modification, PMAP-24KK displayed an increased zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 compared to that of PMAP-GI24. PMAP-24WW had inhibition zones against nine bacterial strains, among which, the antibacterial zones were larger than those of PMAPGI24 against seven bacterial strains. Furthermore, PMAP-24KK had inhibition zones against ten bacterial strains, and the antibacterial zones were larger than those of PMAP-GI24 against seven bacterial strains. Moreover, in the in vivo efficacy assessment of mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis C78-1 and Listeria monocytogenes CICC21533, the PMAP-GI24 analogs effectively reduced the number of bacterial and decreased the inflammatory damage in the mouse livers and lungs, thus effectively reducing mortality. This study provides reference data for the clinical design of effective antibiotic alternatives. Keywords Antibacterial peptide PMAP-GI24 · Antibacterial peptide PMAP-24WW · Antibacterial peptide PMAP-24KK · Antimicrobial susceptibility testing · Antibacterial activity
Introduction Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecule polypeptides widely present in living organisms, which are important parts of biological innate immunity and can resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. AMPs are among the most promising candidates for the development of novel antibiotics. The modification of naturally occurring AMPs based on their residue composition and distribution is a Yongqing Liu and Zhiling Yan contributed equally to the paper. * Chen Wang [email protected] 1
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
2
Jiaozuo Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan, China
3
Luoyang Vocational & Technical College, Luoyang, Henan, China
simple and effective strategy for optimizing known AMP (Liu et al. 2010). AMPs found in a large number of species constitute a major component of the innate immune system, and they have broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, viruses and even cancer cells (CarballarLejarazu et al. 2008; Dobrzynska et al. 2005; Gopal et al. 2013; Vila-Farres et al. 2012). Among the porcine cathelicidin family of AMPs, porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide-36 (PMAP-36) has the highest net positive charge, a
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