Antibacterial Activity of Euphorbia hirta L.
Euphorbia hirta has been widely used by Tribal as traditional medicine in a treatment against infectious pathogens. E. hirta Linn. is a perennial herb belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a potent medicinal plant and has established its sedative a
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Abstract
Euphorbia hirta has been widely used by Tribal as traditional medicine in a treatment against infectious pathogens. E. hirta Linn. is a perennial herb belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a potent medicinal plant and has established its sedative and anxiolytic activity, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant for blood pressure, antihypertensive, and antioxidant. Effect of extracts of different parts (Leaf, Bud, and Stem) of E. hirta L. using different solvents were examined using agar disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus. Maximum in vitro inhibition of tested bacteria S. aureus was scored in methanol extracts of leaf or bud of E. hirta which offered same inhibition zone of 20 mm and Zone of Inhibition Area of 471.00 mm2. A significant inhibition of bacteria S. aureus was found in aqueous or ethanol solvent extracts of E. hirta. A significant inhibition of 15 mm was obtained in ethanol extracts and 13 mm from aqueous extract of E. hirta against S. aureus. Keywords
Antibacterial activity
Solvents Extracts Staphylococcus aureus
Introduction Despite the existence of potent antibacterial agents, resistant or multi-resistant strains are continuously emerging, imposing the need for a continuous search and development of new drugs (Barbour et al. 2004; Machado et al. 2003; Rojas et al. 2003). I. Kumari (&) Department of Botany, Nirmala College, Doranda, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India e-mail: [email protected] R.K. Pandey University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 K. Mukhopadhyay et al. (eds.), Applications of Biotechnology for Sustainable Development, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5538-6_1
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I. Kumari and R.K. Pandey
At present, there is an urgent and continuous need of exploration and development of cheaper and effective new plant based drugs with better bioactive potential and least side effects. Consequently, this has led to the search for more effective antimicrobial agents among materials of plant origin, with the aim of discovering potentially useful active ingredients that can serve as source and template for the synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs (Pretorius et al. 2003; Moreillion et al. 2005). Euphorbia hirta has been widely used by Tribal as traditional medicine in a treatment against infectious pathogens. E. hirta Linn. is a perennial herb belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a common weed referred to as ‘garden spurge’. It is a slender-stemmed, annual hairy plant with many branches. The stem is hairy and the leaves are oblong, elliptical, acute, or subacute. Flowers are small, crowded and numerous seen together in thick cymes about 1 cm in diameter. The fruits are yellow in color, three-celled, hairy and have keeled capsules which are around 1–2 mm in diameter. They contain three four sided, brown, wrinkled, and angular seeds. It is a potent medicinal plant and has established its sedative and anxiolytic activity, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant
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