Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of porcine mycoplasmas isolated from samples collected in southern Europe
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of porcine mycoplasmas isolated from samples collected in southern Europe Rubén S. Rosales, Ana S. Ramírez* , María M. Tavío, Carlos Poveda and José B. Poveda
Abstract Background: Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae are significant pathogens for the porcine industry worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of six key antimicrobials (tylosin, tilmicosin, tylvalosin, lincomycin, tiamulin and valnemulin) routinely used for treating infections caused by these pathogens. Twenty-seven M. hyopneumoniae, 48 M. hyorhinis and 40 M. hyosynoviae field strains isolated from clinical samples from different Southern European countries between 2013 and 2018 using broth microdilution method were evaluated. Results: Tylvalosin exhibited the highest in vitro activity among the macrolides assayed, with MIC90 values 4 to 5 two-fold dilutions lower than those of tylosin and tilmicosin. The pleuromutilin valnemulin showed one of the highest in vitro activities against the three mycoplasma species. On the contrary, lincomycin exhibited the highest MIC values of the antimicrobials tested. Conclusions: The data obtained in the present study supports the use of pleuromutilins and macrolides for the control of infections caused by porcine mycoplasmas. The use of lincomycin for the treatment of porcine mycoplasma infections should be carefully evaluated due to the presence of circulating field isolates with decreased susceptibility to this antimicrobial. Keywords: Porcine mycoplasmas, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Macrolides, Lincosamides, Pleuromutilins, MIC
Background Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae are considered the most relevant Mollicutes to porcine health worldwide, and together with M. suis, a non-culturable haemotropic mycoplasma, represent the main pathogenic mycoplasmas of pigs [1, 2]. M. hyopneumoniae is a major porcine pathogen, due to its role as the aetiological agent of enzootic pneumonia and also, by interacting with other microorganisms, as a primary pathogen of the porcine respiratory disease complex [3], a disease considered as the most relevant * Correspondence: [email protected] Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontana s/n, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
health concern for pig producers [4]. Commercial vaccines are routinely used for the control of this pathogen. However, the analysis of M. hyopneumoniae vaccines under field conditions has shown variable efficacy [5], leading in practice to the regular use of antimicrobials against its infections. The antibiotics most frequently used against M. hyopneumoniae infections in pigs are aminocyclitols, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, florfenicol, lincosamides, macrolides, pleuromutilins and tetracyclines [6]. On the other hand, M. hyosynoviae is one of the main
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