Analysis of fecal samples from Amami rabbits ( Pentalagus furnessi ) indicates low levels of antimicrobial resistance in
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Analysis of fecal samples from Amami rabbits (Pentalagus furnessi) indicates low levels of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli Nonoka Matsunaga 1 & Mariko Suzuki 2,3 & Masako Andoh 4,5 Takehisa Chuma 1,4 & Yoshikazu Fujimoto 1,4
&
Moe Ijiri 1 & Kemi Ishikawa 1 & Takeshi Obi 4 &
Received: 9 June 2020 / Revised: 22 August 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In recent years, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have been isolated from different wildlife species that have not been exposed to antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance profile analysis of wildlife-derived Escherichia coli is one of the ways to obtain information about changes in wildlife habitats. The Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi) is one of the Japanese endemic wildlife species that requires conservation due to its declining population. However, detailed information on its ecology, including habitat, is unclear. We conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing (broth microdilution assay) of 12 antimicrobials on 135 E. coli strains isolated from the feces of free-living Amami rabbits, collected between 2017 and 2020. No antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were isolated from any sample, indicating that antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were not widely distributed in the Amami rabbit population. In addition, these results suggested that the habitat of Amami rabbits may not be contaminated with antimicrobials derived from humans, Japanese livestock, and wildlife that come in contact with the rabbits. This is the first study to examine the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from the Amami rabbits for a multi-year period. In order to observe changes in wildlife habitats on the Amami-Oshima Island, inhabited by many rare species including Amami rabbits, continued surveillance of antimicrobialresistant E. coli in wildlife is necessary. Keywords Amami rabbit . Japanese endemic species . Endangered species . Escherichia coli . Antimicrobial resistance
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is a growing social problem that threatens public, animal, and environmental health worldwide. Although wildlife is not exposed to antimicrobials Nonoka Matsunaga, Mariko Suzuki and Masako Andoh contributed equally to this work. * Yoshikazu Fujimoto [email protected] 1
Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
2
Amami Wildlife Conservation Center, Ministry of the Environment, Kagoshima, Japan
3
International Center for Island Studies Amami Station, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
4
Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
5
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
naturally, recent studies have shown that antimicrobialresistant bacteria are present in different wild animals (Vittecoq et al., 2016). In our previous studies, prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherich
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