Antimonate removal by diatomite modified with Fe-Mn oxides: application and mechanism study
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antimonate removal by diatomite modified with Fe-Mn oxides: application and mechanism study Qiu-Yi Dong 1,2 & Yu-Chun Fang 3 & Bin Tan 3 & Aura Ontiveros-Valencia 4 & Ang Li 5 & He-Ping Zhao 1,2 Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, diatomite coated with Fe-Mn oxides (DFMO) was synthesized through calcination. The adsorption of antimonate (Sb(V)) by DFMO was studied, and environmental factors affecting the adsorption were investigated. The components of DFMO were identified as γ-Fe2O3, γ-MnO2, and SiO2, in the presence of diatomite covered with nanoscale metal oxides. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the antimonate adsorption performance in aqueous solution. Results showed that maximum Sb(V) adsorption capacity of DFMO reached 10.7 mg/g at pH 4, corresponding to 22.2 mg/g per unit metal oxides. Antimonate adsorption occurred on heterogenous surface, following the Freundlich and Pseudo-second order model. Overall, antimonate adsorption was favored at acidic condition due to low point of zero charge. However, when treating electroplating wastewater, neutral pH condition exhibited a higher efficiency than acidic pH, because co-existing ions in electroplating wastewater significantly affects antimony adsorption. Further investigation showed that among different potential co-existing ions, fluoride can strongly inhibit the adsorption of antimonate at 5 mg/L under pH 4. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis confirmed that adsorption energy on DFMO follows: HF < F− < Sb(OH)6−, indicating that fluoride is easier to bind with DFMO compared to antimonate, especially under pH 3.5 at which fluoride exists as HF. Moreover, the competitive adsorption of fluoride toward antimonate indicated the necessity of pre-treatment like neutralization and precipitation before adsorption process. Keywords Antimony . Adsorption . DFT study . Fe-Mn oxides
Introduction Antimony (Sb) is widely used as catalyst for the synthesis of polymer fiber and flame retardant (Anderson 2012). Addition Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * He-Ping Zhao [email protected] 1
MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2
Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
3
Hangzhou Shangtuo Environmental Technology Co.,LTD, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
4
Division de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
5
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
of antimony can increase the hardness and mechanical strength of lead, as well as corrosion resistance of iron. Thus antimony is commonly used as components of alloys, batteries, and bullets (Filella et al. 2002). In 2015, more than one hundred forty thous
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