Dye removal from water and wastewater by nanosized metal oxides - modified activated carbon: a review on recent research
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Dye removal from water and wastewater by nanosized metal oxides modified activated carbon: a review on recent researches Danial Nayeri 1,2 & Seyyed Alireza Mousavi 1,3 Received: 30 March 2019 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The conventional water and wastewater treatment methods are unable to provide up-to-data organized standards for drinking water and discharging effluents into natural ecosystems. Therefore, developing advanced and cost-effective methods to achieve published standards for water and wastewater and population needs are nowadays necessity. The important parts of this article are providing literature information about dyes and their effects on the environment and human health, adsorption properties and mechanism, adsorbent characteristics, and recent information on various aspects of modified activated carbons with nanosized metal oxides (AC- NMOs) in the removal of dyes. This review also summarized the effect of main environmental and operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on the dye adsorption using AC-NMOs. Furthermore, the applied isotherm and kinetic models have been discussed. Keywords Nanoparticles . Activated carbon . Adsorbent . Dye . Wastewater . Water
Introduction Synthetic dyes are widely applied in various industries such as leather, textiles, pharmaceutical, printing, food, paper and pulp, packaging, etc. [1, 2]. These dyes mainly include aromatic rings, azo groups with the ability to produce toxic amines [1]. The results of previous research works have confirmed the low biodegradability and high stability of discharged dyes into natural ecosystems [3]. Pirkarami & Olya, (2017) reported that about 5000 tons of dyeing materials are discharged into the environment each year [4]. About 1000 tons/year of dyes are discharged into the aquatic systems from different effluents [5]. Dyes have special properties such as high water solubility, high
* Seyyed Alireza Mousavi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, and Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Student research committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3
Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
stability to light that can disturb the transmission of sunlight into the water, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and toxic effects [6]. Therefore, dyes removal from water and wastewater is a great worldwide issue for protecting the environment and human health [7]. Researchers have used different methods such as ultrafiltration membrane [8], ion exchange [9], electrocoagulation [10], advanced oxidation process [11], photocatalytic degradation [12], adsorption [13], coagulation and flocculation [14], and phytoremedia
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