Application of environmental DNA methods for the detection and abundance estimation of invasive aquatic plant Egeria den
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RESEARCH PAPER
Application of environmental DNA methods for the detection and abundance estimation of invasive aquatic plant Egeria densa in lotic habitats Seiji Miyazono1 · Takao Kodama1 · Yoshihisa Akamatsu1 · Ryohei Nakao1 · Minoru Saito1 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 © The Japanese Society of Limnology 2020
Abstract Estimating the presence and abundance of non-native species in the early stage of invasion is important to prevent further spread of non-native species in aquatic systems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been applied for aquatic plants; however, it is still questionable on the accuracy of the eDNA methods for the detection and abundance estimation of aquatic plants in lotic systems. Here, we studied the invasive aquatic plant Egeria densa in the tributaries of the Gonokawa River in Japan to compare the E. densa detection rate of the eDNA method with that of the three sampling methods and examine the relationships of the eDNA flux to the upstream plant coverage, plant stem fragment flux, and plant tissue DNA flux of E. densa in the study sites on each season. Our results indicated that the eDNA method better detected the presence of E. densa in our study sites than other methods. The eDNA flux was directly related to the coverage rank and the plant tissue DNA flux in the study sites in both months. These results suggest that the eDNA methods have a potential as monitoring tool for early detection and relative abundance estimation of invasive aquatic plants in lotic systems. Keywords Non-native species · Quantitative PCR · Stream · Submerged plant · Tissue DNA
Introduction Estimating the presence and abundance of non-native species in the early stage of invasion is important to prioritize the extermination areas and prevent further spread of nonnative species in aquatic systems. However, it is difficult to survey the presence and abundance of invasive aquatic species at large spatial scales (e.g., basin scale) because it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The environmental DNA (eDNA) samplings (e.g., taking water samples from aquatic habitats) are quick and easy and have been used for
Handling Editor: Roger P. MORMUL, PhD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-020-00636-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Seiji Miyazono [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2‑16‑1, Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755‑8611, Japan
the detection and quantification of aquatic organisms at large spatial scales (Fukumoto et al. 2015; Doi et al. 2017; Jo et al. 2020). The eDNA methods have been applied not only for aquatic animals (Takahara et al. 2012; Deiner and Altermatt 2014; Fukumoto et al. 2015), but also for aquatic plants (Scrivera et al. 2015; Fujiwara et al. 2016; Matsuhashi et al. 2016). However, it is still questionable on the accuracy of the eDNA methods for the quantification of aquatic plant presence and a
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