Application of PI/PID Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis
In the previous chapters, to deal with the disturbances including high integration of distributed generators (DGs)/renewable energy sources (RESs), the virtual inertia constant, which is the crucial factor in emulating additional inertia power into the sy
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Application of PI/PID Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis
Abstract In the previous chapters, to deal with the disturbances including high integration of distributed generators (DGs)/renewable energy sources (RESs), the virtual inertia constant, which is the crucial factor in emulating additional inertia power into the system, is fixed at one value. In the application of virtual inertia control, improper selection of its control value may result in a higher frequency deviation, slower recovery time, and instability. To overcome this problem, in this chapter, the basic proportional-integral (PI) or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, which are widely used in the real-practice in the industrial systems, are applied to the virtual inertia control to generate proper virtual inertia constant for imitating the effective inertia power and improving system frequency stability. This chapter provides the synthesis of a new decentralized PI/PID-based virtual inertia control to evaluate the virtual inertia power under different levels of RESs/DGs penetration and load disturbances. The uses of the PI/PID controllers for frequency stability enhancement are briefly discussed. Then, the optimal setting of PI/PID parameters using the classical and modern tuning techniques are described in detail to obtain the sufficient virtual inertia constant with respect to the additional power, assuring stable grid operation. Finally, the proposed method is tested in a control area power system with different levels of RESs/DGs, loads, and system inertia and damping reduction. Keywords PI/PID control · Dynamic control · Frequency control · Inertia control · Internal-Model-Control (IMC) · Parameter tuning · Virtual inertia constant · Virtual inertia synthesis
5.1 Introduction to PI/PID Control Over a century, the proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative controls (PID) are extensively integrated into industrial automatic control applications due to their functional simplicity. Additionally, more than 90% of the control loops in process control are the PID type with the most loop using PI control. Due to its simplicity and intuitiveness regarding satisfactory performance, the controllers can offer a wide range of processes [1]. Subsequently, they become the standard © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 T. Kerdphol et al., Virtual Inertia Synthesis and Control, Power Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57961-6_5
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5 Application of PI/PID Control for Virtual Inertia Synthesis
controllers in industrial settings. The controllers are also involved with the technology progress. Up to now, they are often applied in digital platforms rather than with electrical or pneumatic components. The controllers are usually equipped on all kinds of control devices as a functional system in programmable logic controllers, or distributed control systems, or stand-alone controllers [2]. The main control actions of the controllers can be simply divided as follows: the action of proportional to the error (based
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