Application of the papiNet-Standard for the Logistics of Straw Biomass in Energy Production
Multi-fuel solutions are an increasingly common set-up in CHP (Combined Heat and Power) plants. Many use also different types of biofuels, such as wood or agricultural products. In Finland, the most prominent type of biofuel in CHP are forestry products,
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Abstract. Multi-fuel solutions are an increasingly common set-up in CHP (Combined Heat and Power) plants. Many use also different types of biofuels, such as wood or agricultural products. In Finland, the most prominent type of biofuel in CHP are forestry products, with agricultural biofuel playing only a marginal part. This work investigates the use of the papiNet standard, originally designed for the forestry supply chain, as a possible data exchange format for a multi-fuel supply chain where forestry products are the dominant type of fuel. In the work a model for the data exchange between different actors in the supply chain is described, and the application of papiNet in it is explored. As a result, the papiNet standard is found to be suitable for use with some provisions. Keywords: Multi-fuel supply chain · Supply chain logistics · Bioenergy ecosystem · Logistics chain
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Introduction
One current trend in energy production is the use of biomass in CHP (Combined Heat and Power) power plants. Such systems sometimes use one specific type of biomass, such as wood, but often the systems are designed multi-fuel systems. Common are also solutions where biomass is co-fired together with fossil fuels such as coal [18]. The types of biomass used in energy production can be characterized in several ways. McKendry divides the material by type into woody plants, grasses, aquatic plants, and manure, with grasses further subdivided according to moisture content [10]. Another way to categorize biomass is to divide it into crops and wastes, with waste coming from three sources: forests, agriculture, and municipal waste [12]. The latter categorization is more suitable for the purposes of this paper, as many biomasses used in CHP energy production are created as by-product or waste product of some other process, such as felling waste or sawdust. There are, however, agricultural biomasses that are grown for use in CHP energy production, such as reed canary grass [2,7]. However, despite research and development efforts, cultivation of such energy crops is currently not a particularly wide-spread phenomenon [6]. In 2007 the c IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016 Published by Springer International Publishing AG 2016. All Rights Reserved A.M. Tjoa et al. (Eds.): CONFENIS 2016, LNBIP 268, pp. 177–190, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-49944-4 14
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total estimated area for energy crop cultivation in the whole EU was approximately 2.5 million [1,4] to 5.5 million [16] hectares out of approximately 109 million hectares. The majority of this area was used to grow crop for biofuel production, such as rape [4,16]. Thus, in order to use agricultural biomass in any significant degree in CHP power plants, by-products, such as straw, need to be utilized. Forest biomass, as well as solid agricultural biomass, such as straw or reed canary grass, can be directly used in common CHP plants. In case of co-firing plants, different types of fuel are typically mixed together with each other. Such m
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