Aquatic plant, Ipomoea aquatica , as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the effective removal of toxic methyl violet 2B
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Aquatic plant, Ipomoea aquatica, as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the effective removal of toxic methyl violet 2B dye Tze Ling Kua1 · Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh2 · Muhammad Khairud Dahri1 · Nur Afiqah Hazirah Mohamad Zaidi1 · YieChen Lu1 · Linda Biaw Leng Lim1 Received: 6 September 2019 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 / Published online: 22 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Ipomoea aquatica (IA) was investigated for its potential as a low-cost adsorbent to remove toxic methyl violet 2B (MV2B) dye in aqueous solutions. Optimising parameters such as the effects of contact time, medium pH and ionic strength (using NaCl, NaNO3, KCl and KNO3) were investigated. The results indicated that 150 min were sufficient for the adsorption to reach an equilibrium state and no adjustment of pH medium was necessary. Batch adsorption experiments such as adsorption isotherm, thermodynamics and kinetics were investigated and the experimental isotherm data were fitted to six isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson and Sips, with the latter being the best-fit isotherm model showing maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 267.9 mg g−1. Thermodynamics studies indicated adsorption of MV2B to be exothermic in nature, occurring spontaneously. The kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Regeneration of IA pointed to its reusability, maintaining high adsorption capacity even up until Cycle 5 when treated with acid (HCl) and base (NaOH). Functional groups such as hydroxyl and amine groups which could be involved in the adsorption of MV2B were determined using FTIR spectroscopy, and the point of zero charge of IA was found to be at pH 6.81. Keywords Water spinach adsorbent · Cationic methyl violet dye · Adsorption isotherm · Kinetics · Thermodynamics · Regeneration
Introduction Environmental pollution refers to the contamination of the environment due to the introduction of pollutants that can cause harm and damage not only to the environment but also to human and other living organisms. It occurs because the rate of introduction of elements into the nature increases at a rate faster than natural processes can destroy them. Environmental pollution became significant since the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century and has become a major concern to the world today due to its negative effects on * Linda Biaw Leng Lim [email protected] 1
Chemical Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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human health and environment and is increasing at a fast rate day by day. One of the major environmental pollutions that cause significant damage to the environment and human health is water pollution. The main causes of water pollution are from industrial activities, agricultural activities and residences as they release harmful and toxic substances such as synthe
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