Arterial Stiffness in a Rural Population of Argentina: Pilot Study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Arterial Stiffness in a Rural Population of Argentina: Pilot Study Alejandro Diaz1 • Matı´as Tringler1 • Cintia Galli2 • Agustı´n Ramirez2,3 Edmundo Ignacio Cabrera Fischer2
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Received: 21 February 2015 / Accepted: 3 June 2015 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Abstract Introduction Aortic stiffness evaluated through pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement is nowadays accepted as a reliable parameter to estimate cardiovascular risk. However the data about arterial stiffness in South America come from urban populations. Aims To determine the relationship between PWV changes and ageing and to identify the rate of change in each decade of life. Methods PWV was measured in the carotid-femoral pathway in 400 inhabitants of Vela town and clinical parameters were recorded. Results The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes was 33.5, 17.5, 5 % respectively. PWV was positively correlated with age (r: 0.817, p = 0.01) and was greater after the fifth decade of life (9.72 ± 2.2 vs. 5.87 ± 1.55 m/s; p: 0.001) than in youngers than 50 years, respectively. The risk (odds ratio) of having PWV[10 m/s was higher in hypertensives (OR: 50, p = 0.001), older than 50 years (OR: 44, p = 0.001), diabetics (OR 9.5, p = 0.001) and dyslipidemic patients (OR: 5, p = 0.001). Conclusions This is the first study in a rural population of Argentina which determines the relationship of PWV with
& Alejandro Diaz [email protected] 1
School of Health Sciences (UNICEN), National Council of Technical and Scientifical Research (CONICET), 4 de Abril 618, 7000 Tandil, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
2
Favaloro University (AIDUF-CONICET), Solı´s 453, 1078 Buenos Aires, Argentina
3
Arterial Hypertension and Metabolic Unit, University Hospital, Fundacio´n Favaloro, Belgrano 1782 P: 4, 1093 Buenos Aires, Argentina
age and cardiovascular risk. PWV shows a slower growth in subjects less than 50 years compared to older adults with a strong relationship to the process of arterial aging, the development of hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Keywords Pulse wave velocity Arterial stiffness Epidemiology Rural population
1 Introduction The non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness is part of the comprehensive assessment of target organ damage in hypertension and global cardiovascular risk profile [1–3]. The measurement of carotid to femoral PWV is now considered a useful tool for arterial stiffness assessment in daily practice because of its easy use, low cost and high reproducibility [4]. Arterial stiffness is actually recognized as a surrogate end point for cardiovascular disease [4, 5] and the PWV is nowadays accepted as a prognostic predictor in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension [2] as well as in the general population [5, 6]. In this way PWV was included in European Guidelines [1] as one factor, other than office BP, influencing prognosis and used for stratification of total cardiovascular (CV) risk [7]. Relating reference values of PWV, they come mostly from mul
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