Assembly and Post-assembly Turnover and Dynamics in the Type III Secretion System
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is one of the largest transmembrane complexes in bacteria, comprising several intricately linked and embedded substructures. The assembly of this nanomachine is a hierarchical process which is regulated and controlled
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Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 2 Structure and Function of the Injectisome........................................................................ 3 What Drives Protein Assemblies?..................................................................................... 4 Assembly of the IM Export Apparatus............................................................................. 5 Assembly of the Membrane Rings ................................................................................... 6 Assembly of the Cytosolic Complex ................................................................................ 7 Assembly of the Needle .................................................................................................... 8 The First Substrate Switch and Assembly of the Needle Tip.......................................... 9 The Second Substrate Switch and Assembly of the Translocon ..................................... 10 Stability and Dynamics of the Injectisome....................................................................... 11 Concluding Remarks ......................................................................................................... References ..................................................................................................................................
Abstract The type III secretion system (T3SS) is one of the largest transmembrane complexes in bacteria, comprising several intricately linked and embedded substructures. The assembly of this nanomachine is a hierarchical process which is regulated and controlled by internal and external cues at several critical points. Recently, it has become obvious that the assembly of the T3SS is not a unidirectional and deterministic process, but that parts of the T3SS constantly exchange or rearrange. This article aims to give an overview on the assembly and post-assembly dynamics of the T3SS, with a focus on emerging general concepts and adaptations of the general assembly pathway.
A. Diepold (&) Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2019_164 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
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A. Diepold
1 Introduction Bacteria have evolved an astounding variety of ways to manipulate the behavior of eukaryotic host cells to their benefit. One of the most complex and intriguing examples is the type III secretion system (T3SS), a molecular machine that injects effector proteins into host cells (Cornelis 2006; Galán and Wolf-Watz 2006; Büttner 2012; Burkinshaw and Strynadka 2014; Deng et al. 2017; Wagner et al. 2018). The effect of these translocated proteins on the host can range from mutually beneficial in symbiosis to deleterious in pathogenesis (Galán 2009)—see review by David Guttman in this edition for more detai
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