Assessment of atmospheric deposition in Central Russia using moss biomonitors, neutron activation analysis and GIS techn
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Assessment of atmospheric deposition in Central Russia using moss biomonitors, neutron activation analysis and GIS technologies Konstantin Vergel1 · Inga Zinicovscaia1,2 · Nikita Yushin1 · Svetlana Gundorina1 Received: 2 February 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Moss biomonitoring technique was applied to study peculiarities of the spatial distribution of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals on the territory of the Vladimir and Yaroslavl regions of Russia.During the summer 2018, samples of the terrestrial mosses Pleurosium shreberi were collected at the 126 sites evenly distributed over the territory of investigated regions. The combination of neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry allowed to determine more than 30 elements in moss samples. To identify the main sources of air pollution multivariate data analysis technique—factor analysis was applied, while the deposition patterns of pollutants was illustrated using GIS technology. Median values of the elements were compared with the results obtained for other regions in Russia, which participated in moss survey studies. The contamination factors, Geo-accumulation Index and pollution load index were calculated for the following elements As, Sb, Pb, V, Cd, W, Fe, Cr, Ni and Co. The dominant anthropogenic sources of air pollutants in studied regions can be attributed to industrial activity and transport. Keywords Atomic absorption spectrometry · biomonitoring · moss · neutron activation analysis · Russia
Introduction At present anthropogenic activities (i.e., industry, traffic, fossil-fuel combustion) release considerable quantity of toxic elements into the atmosphere [1]. Heavy metals present only a part of the plurality of harmful compounds emitted in the air. The degree of metals extent and distribution in the atmosphere depend on the emissions frequency. [2]. Heavy metals introduced into ecosystem are involved in the exchange of matter between biocenosis and biotope, and by integrated into the subsequent trophic chains they often reach the human body. Thus, heavy metals introduced in the air create hazardous conditions both for the population and the environment. The danger of environment pollution with heavy metals is also determined by the fact that can be transferred over long distances and be deposited many kilometers away from their emitting sources [3]. Since toxic elements * Inga Zinicovscaia [email protected] 1
Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation 141980
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
2
having adverse effects occur commonly, their concentrations should be monitored systematically to investigate their spatial distribution and determine potential sources. The high cost of instrumental recording of air pollutants and the difficulties of extending sampling time and space makes indirect methods, such as the analysis of suitable bioaccumulators, very appropria
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