The Moss Biomonitoring Method and Neutron Activation Analysis in Assessing Pollution by Trace Elements in Selected Polis
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The Moss Biomonitoring Method and Neutron Activation Analysis in Assessing Pollution by Trace Elements in Selected Polish National Parks Grzegorz Kosior1 · Marina Frontasyeva2 · Zbigniew Ziembik1 · Inga Zincovscaia2,3 · Agnieszka Dołhańczuk‑Śródka1 · Barbara Godzik4 Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The concentrations of trace elements in feather moss Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. were used to indicate the relative levels of air pollution by trace elements in Polish national parks. Pleurozium schreberi was collected from nine national parks. The highest concentrations were recorded in the moss samples from the southern and most industrialised part of the country; the lowest from northern and north-eastern Poland. A comparison of data obtained from Polish national parks in the 1970s and 1990s showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of heavy metals. In the linear covariability estimation, the t quantile approach was used for multi-element comparison. A number of positive covariabilities were observed. This is a result of anthropogenic activity and the geochemical characteristics of the local environment, including crust composition to which soil composition is related. The statistical approach of t quantile to study common relationships between element concentrations can be used in the interpretation of biomonitoring research results in similar studies. In Poland, a national park is a protected area because of its advantages; mainly its outstanding natural value for environmental, scientific, social, cultural, and educational reasons. The national parks are one of the Poland’s strategic natural resources. Therefore, monitoring of the contamination degree of national parks is very important. Industrial and agricultural activities in national parks are prohibited, but airborne chemicals can travel long distances from their Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-020-00755-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Grzegorz Kosior [email protected] 1
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, ul. kard. B. Kominka 6, 45‑032 Opole, Poland
2
Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Neutron Activation Analysis and Applied Research, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
3
Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
4
W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
sources and therefore can affect ecosystems over broad spatial scales and at locations far from the emission sources (Samecka-Cymerman et al. 2012). Trace elements are emitted by various combustion sources, which can undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere and fall to the earth as wet deposition (rain, snow), occult deposition (cloud, fog), or dry deposition (dry particles, g
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