Assessment of Atmospheric Mercury Deposition in the Vicinity of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mines Using Glycine max a
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Assessment of Atmospheric Mercury Deposition in the Vicinity of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mines Using Glycine max as Bioindicators Gabriela Cristina Rabello Casagrande & Dante Noronha de Mello Franco & Maria Inês Cruzeiro Moreno & Ednaldo Antônio de Andrade & Leandro Dênis Battirola & Ricardo Lopes Tortorela de Andrade
Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 / Published online: 11 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) is one of the main sources of global Hg emissions and is present over a wide territorial in the southern Amazonia. In this region, there is a rapid approximation between agricultural and livestock activities and the impact of this close proximity having little or no evaluation. Thus, we have determined the Hg concentration in soybean plants in an area with ASGMs activities. The concentration of Hg in plants was higher in the vicinity of the ASGMs, where the Hg leaf concentration was three times higher, suggesting a higher atmospheric metal deposition in this area. It is estimated that atmospheric Hg deposition in the vicinity of ASGMs of up to 6.94 g km−2 during the contact time between leaves and atmosphere. The translocation and bioaccumulation factors reinforce the effect of atmospheric Hg deposition, mainly, in the leaves. No impact was observed on the edible part of the plant due to the proximity of the ASGMs. It can be inferred that our results point to G. C. R. Casagrande (*) : L. D. Battirola : R. L. T. de Andrade Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade – Rede Pró-Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus Universitário de Cuiabá, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT CEP 78060-900, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] D. N. d. Franco : E. A. de Andrade Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT CEP 78557-267, Brazil
considerable rates of Hg emissions in the southern Amazon region and indicate the need to monitor these emissions so as to facilitate the taking of pollution mitigation actions. Soybean plants have a potential use as a bioindicator species of Hg contamination from ASGM, and the proposed method consists of an viable alternative, which can be used for the biomonitoring of long-term Hg emissions. Keywords ASGM . Bioindication . Biomonitoring . Environmental monitoring . Metal trace . Monoculture
1 Introduction Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal that causes global concerns for having high toxicity and a dynamic biogeochemical cycle and, in part, still unknown (Zhu et al.
M. I. C. Moreno Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Campus I, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Av. Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120 Setor Universitário, Catalão, GO CEP 75704-020, Brazil L. D. Battirola : R. L. T. de Andrade Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência
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