Symbiotic performance of indigenous soybean bradyrhizobia from the Philippines with soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merill) c
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Symbiotic performance of indigenous soybean bradyrhizobia from the Philippines with soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merill) cultivars harboring different Rj genotypes Maria Luisa T. Mason 1 & Baby Lyn T. De Guzman 1 & Akihiro Yamamoto 2 & Yuichi Saeki 2 Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This report aimed to evaluate the ability of the dominant indigenous strains of bradyrhizobia obtained from different locations in the Philippines in terms of their symbiosis, N-fixation and nodulation with various soybean cultivars harboring different Rj genotypes. This was done to select the most efficient and effective strain that can be used as an inoculant under the Philippines’ local condition. Two soybean cultivars from the Philippines and three cultivars from Japan and Brazil were used and inoculated with 12 indigenous strains and the reference strain Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110. Culture pots were grown inside a growth chamber for four weeks with 33 °C for 16 h as daytime and 28 °C for 8 h as night time. All the strains formed nodules on all soybean cultivars, except for B. elkanii BO-4, which only formed nodules on Philippines’ cultivars. Among the indigenous strains, B. elkanii IS-2 is significantly the most efficient and effective N-fixer than the other strains for the Philippines’ cultivars. In contrast, B. diazoefficiens SK-5 was found to be the most efficient and effective N-fixer for cultivars from Japan and Brazil. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the symbiotic efficiency and the nitrogenase activity indicating an efficient N-fixation by the indigenous strains. Thus, we were able to identify the most promising indigenous bradyrhizobia that could be used as an inoculant to increase the soybean yield in the Philippines and provided insights on soybean inoculation. Keywords Bradyrhizobium . Nitrogen fixation . Soybean-rhizobia compatibility . Symbiotic efficiency
1 Introduction The Philippines is a tropical archipelago located in the Southeast Asia with a land area of about 298 km2. From the approximately 7 M hectares used for agriculture, only about 1000 ha. are allocated to soybean. This is due to the low yield (≤1.0 ton/ha) of soybean and also low government support to soybean planters. Although the Government’s program entitled “Philippine Soybean Development Program” launched in 2011 was able to increase the production area from ≈1000 ha. to a record high of 5280 has., soybean yield is still low at Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00731-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yuichi Saeki [email protected] 1
College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
about 1.0 ton/ha. Thus, projects and studies on how to increase soybean yield in a sustainable manner promp
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