Assessment of heavy metal contamination and adverse biological effects of an industrially affected river
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WATER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND STATE OF THE ART TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Assessment of heavy metal contamination and adverse biological effects of an industrially affected river Gavin Yeh 1 & Hong-Giang Hoang 1 & Chitsan Lin 1 Chi-Thanh Vu 3
&
Xuan-Thanh Bui 2 & Huu-Tuan Tran 1 & Chien-Chuan Shern 1 &
Received: 29 August 2019 / Accepted: 14 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract One of the most industrially affected rivers in Taiwan, the Houjing River, was studied in this research. The water and sediment samples were collected at five locations to measure the concentration of eight metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Zn). In order to assess the heavy metal contamination and its adverse biological effect, the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), the degree of contamination index (DC), the contamination factor (CF), the index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), and hazard quotients (HQs) were employed. The results showed that the Houjing River’s water and sediment were contaminated with heavy metals. The annually averaged values of HPI (128.3) and DC (21.3) indicate that the water is unsafe for potable use and the sediment contamination level is at considerable degree of contamination. CF and Igeo calculation show that Zn, Cu, and Cd are the three main metals contributing to heavy metal contamination in sediment. Evaluation of adverse biological effects suggests that Zn, Cu, and Ni are the major metals that cause adverse effects on organisms. This study provides an overview of the synergistic heavy metal contamination degree of the Houjing River and its adverse biological effects, which should be a reliable reference for future contamination control and management plans. Keywords Houjing River . Heavy metal contamination . Degree of contamination (DC) . Hazard quotients (HQs) . Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) . Adverse biological effects
Introduction
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07737-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chitsan Lin [email protected] 1
Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan (Republic of China)
2
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
3
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
The increase in abundance, toxicity, and persistence of contaminants in the aquatic environment is attracting much attention from the scientific societies worldwide (Yuan et al. 2011; Ahmadi et al. 2018). The rapid industrial development has released a massive amount of various contaminants, including heavy metals, into the surrounding environment (Lin et al. 2017). Residual concentrations of heavy metals in solid waste, wastewater, and air emissions from do
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