Estimation of heavy metal contamination in the Hindon River, India: an environmetric approach
- PDF / 1,236,175 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 20 Downloads / 205 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Estimation of heavy metal contamination in the Hindon River, India: an environmetric approach Saurabh Mishra1,2 · Amit Kumar3,5 · Prabhakar Shukla4,5 Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Hindon River is a major freshwater resource predominantly for the rural population of the western region in Uttar Pradesh, India. The river receives industrial wastewaters having heavy metals concentration at potentially toxic levels. The focus of this study is to estimate the heavy metals (such as Fe, Cu, Zn and Cr) contamination in the Hindon River using Nemerow pollution index followed by environmetrics to identify their pollution source. The water samples are collected from 28 industrial discharge sites in the river to analyze metals concentration during pre- and post-monsoon months. The estimated Nemerow pollution index value is more than 3 indicating severely contaminated river water. Principal component analysis results confirm that Fe and Cu are the major contaminants in the river, which indicates the direct input of wastewater from electroplating industries. Therefore, it is suggested that a strategic eco-conservation plan should be formulated and implemented in advance to prevent the deterioration of the water quality and aquatic life. Keywords Hindon River · Heavy metal · Pollution index · PCA
Introduction The quality of water is the foremost basic necessity for flourishing aquatic diversity and sustainable eco-development of human civilization and water resources management. Rapid urbanization, industrial advancement and water shortage deteriorate the freshwater bodies in the current world and provoked serious research concerns to safeguard natural
* Amit Kumar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu Province, China
2
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 247001, India
3
School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu Province, China
4
Water Security & Sustainable Development Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
5
Biomass and Ecosystem Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
resources and to promote sustainable environmental management (Kumar et al. 2017a; Lone et al. 2020). In the developing world, rivers flowing through urban areas are facing the threat of extinction due to endpoint discharge of partially/untreated effluents from the point and/or nonpoint sources (Mishra and Kumar 2020). In India, the direct urban runoffs and sewerage disposal in the freshwater ecosystem (e.g., river, lakes, reservoirs) are the major challenging threats in deteriorating water quality and ecological health of the aquatic ecosystem (Singh et al. 2020). In recent decades, the heavy
Data Loading...
