Assessment of leaf rolling role in maintaining agrophysiological performances of Moroccan durum wheat cultivars under wa
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IGINAL ARTICLE
Assessment of leaf rolling role in maintaining agrophysiological performances of Moroccan durum wheat cultivars under water deficit conditions Amal Ben-Amar1 • Nasser Elhaq Nsarellah2 • Abdelaziz Bouizgaren3 Mohammed Mouradi4 • Said Mahboub1 • Keltoum El Bouhmadi1
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Received: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 18 July 2020 / Published online: 31 August 2020 Ó Indian Society for Plant Physiology 2020
Abstract Water deficit is the most severe abiotic stress that wheat crop endures in arid and semi-arid areas. Some cereal genotypes use leaf rolling as an avoidance strategy to water stress. This ability allows the plant to limit both the amount of light energy received and water losses. The objective of this study is to study the use of leaf rolling in wheat as an indicator of drought tolerance. Eleven durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties were grown in the field and evaluated for grain yield (GY), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and leafrolling capacity under drought. Results showed significant differences between all of the studied varieties for their ability to adapt to drought. High-leaf rolling varieties (2777 and Irden) showed better performances under water deficit by expressing high values of Fv/Fm (0.791 and 0.731) and GY (30.1 and 30.5 g per plant) respectively. Varieties exhibiting a weak leaf rolling showed the highest reductions indicating strong sensitivity to water stress. Significant positive correlations have been brought out between leaf rolling and Fv/Fm and GY. A significant negative correlation has also been noted between leaf rolling and
& Amal Ben-Amar [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Ben M’Sik Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
2
National Institute of Agronomic Research, INRA, Settat, Morocco
3
National Institute of Agronomic Research, INRA, Marrakech, Morocco
4
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Sustainable Development of Natural Resources (B2DRN), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane (USMS) University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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SC. These findings confirm that leaf rolling may be considered as a good morphological indicator for drought tolerance in durum wheat. Keywords Durum wheat Water stress Leaf rolling Agro physiological traits Drought tolerance
Introduction Cereals are an important food resource for humans and animals. Cereals also occupy a prominent place in the agricultural system worldwide (Slama et al. 2005). The area reserved for cereals in Morocco totals more than 5 million hectares, which represents more than 75% of the total utilized agricultural area (UAA) (FAO 2016). Durum wheat, soft wheat and barley account for 33%, 35% and 32% of total cereals, respectively. The majority of cereal areas (90%) are located in the rainfed zones, with 50% in the arid and semi-arid regions (DSS statistics 2014). At the Moroccan national level, durum wheat is cultivated in an area of 1.1 to 1.3 million hectares (MAPM 2014) ranking third after soft wheat and barley (Belaid
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