Head blight of durum wheat caused by Fusarium asiaticum
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Head blight of durum wheat caused by Fusarium asiaticum Keisuke Tomioka1 · Akira Kawakami1 · Akira Masunaka1 · Hiroyuki Sekiguchi1 · Keita Kato1 · Yusuke Ban1 · Kanenori Takata1,2 · Naoyuki Ishikawa1 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fusarium asiaticum was repeatedly isolated from blighted spikes of durum wheat with head blight-like symptoms in our experimental fields in Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture in western Japan, then demonstrated to be pathogenic to the crop. F. asiaticum was not previously reported as causing head blight on durum wheat, so it has been added to the pathogens causing this disease. Keywords Durum wheat · Fusarium asiaticum · Head blight · New disease Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] used for pasta, bread, and other foodstuffs is widely cultivated in the Middle East, North Africa, North America, West Europe, and so on. Our research center, Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, is implementing breeding and popularization programs for durum wheat and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as part of agriculture promotion in Japan. Durum wheat has been reported to be very susceptible to head blight caused by Fusarium when cultivated in Japan (Abe et al. 1966; Kai et al. 1998; Yanaka et al. 2018), so an objective of our center is to produce varieties of durum wheat resistant to the disease. However, no pathogenic fungus had yet been demonstrated to cause the disease based on Koch’s postulates. We thus investigated the disease in our experimental fields located in Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture in western Japan from April to June 2016–2018 and isolated and identified the causal agent, inoculating durum wheat with the isolate to confirm its pathogenicity. Parts of this paper were presented elsewhere (Tomioka et al. 2019, 2020).
* Keisuke Tomioka [email protected] 1
Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama 721‑8514, Japan
Present Address: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080‑8555, Japan
2
In the field, spikes were blighted (Fig. 1a), and brown lesions that appeared on the glumes gradually enlarged and coalesced, resulting in early blight of the affected organs. Conidial masses and mycelia of Fusarium sp. frequently appeared on the lesions in moist conditions (Fig. 1b). Representative isolate RNDB6, obtained from a lesion by singleconidium isolation, formed pale pink to red colonies with white aerial mycelia on potato dextrose agar (PDA; BD Difco, Tokyo, Japan) at 5–35 ºC in the dark with maximum growth of 5.4 mm/day at 28 °C (Fig. 1c). Conidia produced after 10 days on PDA or synthetic low-nutrient agar (SNA) (Nirenberg and Aoki 1997) at 25 °C under fluorescent light were hyaline, falcate with a foot-like basal cell, 3–5 septate and 26–46 × 2–4 µm (Fig. 1d, e). No teleomorph was
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