Effect of Silicon Supply Methods on Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) Response to Drought Stress
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Silicon Supply Methods on Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Response to Drought Stress Afef Othmani 1 & Sourour Ayed 1 & Oumaima Bezzin 1 & Muhammad Farooq 2 & Olfa Ayed-Slama 3 & Hajer Slim-Amara 3 & Mongi Ben Younes 1 Received: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Drought is a limiting factor of durum wheat production. Silicon (Si) is known by its positives effects on plant growth and development under these conditions. Thus, the current study was designed first to i) assess silicon impact on 11 durum wheat varieties performance under osmotic stress using four treatments in hydroponic trial: T1 = no stress, T2 = no stress +150 mg/l Si, T3 = osmotic stress at −0.3 Mpa and T4 = osmotic stress (−0.3 Mpa) + 150 mg/l Si. For the same objective, a pot trial was conducted with four treatments T1 = Water Stress; T2 = Water Stress + Si; T3 = Well Watered; T4 = Well Watered + Si. Results showed that in the presence of Si, the decrease of chlorophyll content, relative water content, shoot length and root length were less pronounced: 21.81%, 31.08%, 51.31% and 54.62% as compared to the control treatment (T1). Electrolyte leakage increases by 25.19% with Si addition. Also, under pot experiment, Si application improves chlorophyll content, relative water content and leaf area. Second, in order to identify the efficient method of Si supply i) seed priming ii) foliar spray iii) fertigation, another pot experiment was carried out with six treatments: T1 = Seed Priming +50% Field Capacity; T2 = Foliar Spray +50% Field Capacity; T3 = Fertigation +50% Field Capacity; T4 = Seed Priming +100% Field Capacity; T5 = Foliar Spray +100% Field Capacity; T6 = Fertigation +100% Field Capacity. The most effective Si supply method was Si foliar application. Keywords Drought . Durum wheat . Foliar application . Plant growth . Silicon
Abbreviations BY biological yield CHL chlorophyll content EL electrolyte leakage FC field capacity FG fertigation FS foliar spray Afef Othmani and Sourour Ayed contributed equally to this work. * Afef Othmani [email protected]
GN/S GY LA PH RL RWC Si SKN/S SL SP TKW
grain number/spike grain yield leaf area plant height root length relative water content silicon spikelet number/spike shoot length seed priming 1000 kernels weight
1
Field Crops Laboratory, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia, INRAT, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
1 Introduction
2
Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
3
Genetic and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, 43, Avenue Charles Nicole, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting durum wheat production especially in arid and semi-arid regions [1, 2]. In Tunisia, this stress is the major constraints of durum wheat production. This crop represents about 50% of
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