Screening for resistance of Tunisian, Moroccan and Algerian wheat cultivars to Zymoseptoria tritici in Northern Tunisia
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Screening for resistance of Tunisian, Moroccan and Algerian wheat cultivars to Zymoseptoria tritici in Northern Tunisia Rim Bel Hadj Chedli 1,2 & Sarrah Ben M’Barek 3,2 & Amir Souissi 1 & Amor Yahyaoui 4,2 & Salah Rezgui 1 & Hanène Chaabane 5 Received: 22 May 2019 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease caused by Zymoseptoria tritici is the most predominant disease on durum wheat in Tunisia, while its occurrence on bread wheat is rare. In this study, we investigated the performance of 89 wheat cultivars from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, screened in Tunisia for their relative resistance to STB. Field experiments were carried out in an augmented design, during 2016–17 and 2017–18 cropping seasons at two locations in Northern Tunisia: Beja (Oued Beja station) and Cap Bon regions (Menzel Temim and El Haouaria). All trials were conducted under natural infection. Visual disease assessments were quantified using the percentage of leaf area covered by pycnidia (PC), necrotic area (N), area under disease progress curve of each genotype (AUDPC) and the relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC). Results indicated that the majority of Tunisian, Algerian and Moroccan durum wheat populations (TDM, ADW and MDW) were susceptible to STB at both locations in Tunisia ranging from susceptible to highly susceptible, with the rAUDPC, N and PC ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, 30 to 65% and 40 to 75% respectively. On the other hand, the Moroccan bread wheat genotypes (MBW) were susceptible in Cap Bon area and resistant at Beja. Tunisian bread wheat genotypes (TBW) were resistant at both locations; with levels varying from immune to resistant classes where rAUDPC, PC and N did not exceed 0.2 and 10% respectively, with the exception of the local bread wheat variety known as “Farina Arbi” which was susceptible at Cap Bon and resistant at Beja. Keywords Wheat genotypes . Zymoseptoria tritici . Resistance . Susceptibility
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00563-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rim Bel Hadj Chedli [email protected] 1
Laboratory of genetics and plant breeding, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
2
CRP Wheat Septoria Precision Phenotyping Platform, Tunis, Tunisia
3
Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja (CRRGC) BP 350, 9000 Beja, Tunisia
4
Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), km 45 Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán, Texcoco, Mexico
5
Laboratory of Bioagressors and Integrated protection in agriculture, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
North Africa has been the cradle of wheat production for centuries and was the bread basket for the Romain Empire (Bachta 2011). Nowadays, the
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