Assessment of the metal pollution in surface sediments of coastal Tasaul Lake (Romania)
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Assessment of the metal pollution in surface sediments of coastal Tasaul Lake (Romania) Dan Vasiliu & Andra Bucse & Naliana Lupascu & Bogdan Ispas & Catalin Gheablau & Ion Stanescu
Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Forty-three surface sediment samples were collected in September 2019 from Tasaul Lake (Black Sea coast, Romania) to examine the metal distribution patterns, assess the level of metal contamination, and identify the pollutant sources. The determined mean metal concentrations were as follows: Al 49,772 mg/kg, Zn 84.40 mg/kg, Cr 83.70 mg/kg, V 76.45 mg/kg, Ni 42.53 mg/kg, Cu 34.27 mg/kg, Pb 26.30 mg/kg, As 12.49 mg/kg, and Hg 0.06 mg/kg. The metals in the surface sediments of Tasaul Lake displayed moderate spatial variation, with higher metal concentrations mainly occurring in the south and southeast (As, Pb, and Hg), southwest (Cu and Zn), and west of the lake (Cr, Ni, and V). Heavy metal contamination in sediments is assessed using pollution indices such as enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index. The highest CFs and EFs were determined for As (moderate to high pollution), followed by Pb (low to moderate pollution). The Cu, Zn, and Hg pollution indices showed values corresponding to low pollution levels, while Ni, Cr, and V presented the lowest indices, suggesting unpolluted D. Vasiliu (*) : A. Bucse : N. Lupascu : B. Ispas : C. Gheablau : I. Stanescu National Institute for Research and Development on Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar), 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul, 024053 Bucharest, Romania e-mail: [email protected] A. Bucse Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-3 Gheorghe Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
sediments. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the origin of the analyzed heavy metals. Cr was predominantly sourced from lithogenic components, Ni and V originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and As, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg showed mainly anthropogenic sources such as agricultural runoff, domestic and industrial wastewater discharges, and quarrying activities. Keywords Metals . Surface sediments . Tasaul Lake . Pollution indices . Coastal lakes
Introduction Generally, coastal lakes are threatened ecosystems due to the numerous human activities carried out within their watersheds, resulting in multiple pressures (eutrophication, pollution, overfishing, etc.) that negatively impact ecosystem components and human health. Heavy metal pollution is one of the major pressures impacting lacustrine ecosystems owing to the toxicity, abundance, and persistence of heavy metals in the environment and their subsequent accumulation in the environment and organisms (Rippey et al. 2008; Atici et al. 2008; Varol 2011). Metals enter lakes from different sources, such as rock weathering, wind-borne soil particles, disposal of liquid effluents, terrestrial runoff carrying numerous chemicals resulting from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities, a
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