Association of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus with mosaic and leaf curl disease of Chrysanthemum and its whitefly cryp
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Association of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus with mosaic and leaf curl disease of Chrysanthemum and its whitefly cryptic species K. V. Ashwathappa1 · V. Venkataravanappa1,2 · C. N. Lakshminarayana Reddy3 · M. Krishna Reddy1 Received: 9 October 2019 / Revised: 25 January 2020 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Leaf samples of chrysanthemum plants showing typical begomovirus symptoms of mosaic, mottling and downward leaf curl were collected from famer’s field in Karnataka state of India. The begomovirus infection was confirmed by PCR using specific primers in twenty two infected chrysanthemum samples and no amplification was observed in twenty two healthy chrysanthemum samples. The partial begomovirus genome (1.2 kb) sequencing indicates, twenty two infected chrysanthemum samples are infected with begomovirus (tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, ToLCNDV). Therefore one representative sample was selected for complete genome amplification using RCA method. The complete genome amplified was cloned and sequenced. The Species Demarcation Tool (SDT) analysis of full genome of ToLCNDV showed maximum nucleotide (nt) identity of 89.2–97.6% (DNA A) and 87.7–96.3% (DNA B) percent with ToLCNDV infecting cucurbits. Based begomoviruses species demarcation criteria (91% nucleotide sequence identity), the virus infecting chrysanthemum is considered as a strain of ToLCNDV. The betasatellite amplified from the begomovirus infected chrysanthemum showed maximum nt identity of 89% with Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh betasatellite (ToLCBDB) infecting papaya in India. Further, break point recombination analysis showed that genome and betasatellite of ToLCNDV infecting chrysanthemum is recombinant with already know begomoviruses. The whitefly cryptic species predominantly present in the begomovirus infected chrysanthemum fields was identified as Asia-II-5 group. The significance of these findings is discussed. Keywords Chrysanthemum · Species demarcation tool · Polymerase chain reaction · Phylogeny · Begomoviruses
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-020-00214-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * V. Venkataravanappa * C. N. Lakshminarayana Reddy [email protected] M. Krishna Reddy [email protected] 1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089, India
2
Division of Plant Pathology, Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, India
3
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
Flower plants are primarily cultivated for beautification and also to increase aesthetic value of public places, gardens and landscaping. The increase in demands of different flowers at national and international market, it is adapted as one of the pr
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