Astrophysical Concepts
My principal aim in writing this book was to present a wide range of astrophysical topics in sufficient depth to give the reader a general quantitative understanding of the subject. The book outlines cosmic events but does not portray them in detail-it pr
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Advisory Board: J.N. Bahcall P.L. Biermann S. Chandrasekhar S.M. Faber L.V. Kuhi P.G. Mezger P.A. Strittmatter
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A TROP} Y Ies L B ARY Series Editors: M. Harwit, R. Kippenhahn,.J.-P. Zahn
Tools of Radio Astronomy K. Rohlfs Physics of the Galaxy and Interstellar Matter H. Scheffier and H. Elsässer Galactic and Extragalactic Radio Astronomy, 2nd Edition G.L. Verschuur and K.1. Kellermann, Editors Astrophysical Concepts, 2nd Edition M. Harwit Observational Astrophysics P. Uma
Martin Harwit
Astrophysical Concepts Second Edition
With 175 Illustrations
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Martin Harwit, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA Series Editors
Martin Harwit
Rudolf Kippenhahn
lean-Paul Zahn
National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560, USA
Max-Planck-Institut fUr Physik und Astrophysik Institut fUr Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-StraBe l D-8046 Garching, Fed. Rep. of Germany
Universite Paul Sabatier Observatoires du Pic-du-Midi et de Toulouse 14, Avenue Edouard-Belin F-31400 Toulouse, France
Cover photo: MSl, Whirlpool Galaxy. Courtesy U.S. Naval Observatory.
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harwit, Martin, 1931Astrophysical concepts. (Astronomy and astrophysics Iibrary) Bibliography: p. Inc1udes index. 1. Astrophysics. 1. Title. II. Series. QB461.H37 1988 523.01 87-32387 The first edition was published in 1973 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., and was reprinted and published in 1982 by Concepts.
© 1988 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer-V erlag New York, Inc. in 1988 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1988 AII rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by Asco Trade Typesetting Ltd., Hong Kong.
987654 32 1 ISBN 978-1-4757-2021-1 ISBN 978-1-4757-2019-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-2019-8
Preface to the Second Edition My principal aim in writing this book was to present a wide range of astrophysical topics in sufficient depth to give the reader a general quantitative understanding of the subject. The book outlines cosmic events but does not portray them in detail-it provides aseries of astrophysical sketches. I think this approach befits the present uncertainties and changing views in astrophysics. The material is based on notes I prepared for a course ai
