Astrophysics A Primer
For a quantitative understanding of the physics of the universe - from the solar system through the milky way to clusters of galaxies all the way to cosmology - these edited lecture notes are perhaps among the most concise and also among the most critical
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ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LIBRARY I. Appenzeller, Heidelberg, Germany G. Bomer, Garching, Germany M. Harwit, Washington, DC, USA R. Kippenhahn, Gottingen, Germany J. Lequeux, Paris, France P. A. Strittmatter, Tucson, AZ, USA V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and Irvine, CA, USA
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Physics and Astronomy
ONLINE LIBRARY
http://www.springer.de/phys/
Wolfgang Kundt
Astrophysics A Primer With 40 Figures and 14 Color Plates
Springer
Professor Or. Wolfgang Kundt Institut fiir Astrophysik Bonn Auf dem Hiigel 71 53121 Bonn, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Universităt
Cover picture: The radio galaxy 0756 + 272 of (Eilek) type B, or 'tailed source', whose jet heads - or stagnation surfaces - are thought to no longer plough supersonica1ly into their ambient medium. The galaxy belongs to Abell 610. It has a redshift of z=0.0956; its radio lobes have an angular diameter of 160". Its jet substance is thought to be pair plasma performing an E x B-drift. The AGN is some 0.7 cm to the right of the bright (red-cored) central hotspot. [Image courtesy of Frazer Owen, NRAO/AUI]
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for. Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Cip Einheitsaufnahme Kundt, Wolfgang: Astrophysics: a primer / Wolfgang Kundt. (Astronomy and astrophysics library) (Physics and astronomy 'online library) ISBN 978-3-662-04349-3 ISBN 978-3-662-04347-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-04347-9
ISSN 0941-7834 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2001 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2001
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data conversion by LE-TEX, Leipzig Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper
SPIN: 10831348
55/3l41/tr - 5 4 3 2 1 O
Preface
This book is based on a class that I lectured repeatedly during the years 1986 through 1999, at Boston, Bangalore, Bonn, Siegen, and Linz. Occasionally I lectured it within two or more terms. In each case, it was my endeavour to provide my audience with as complete as possible an overview of the physical methods and results used in present-day astrophysics, in orde
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