Atlas of Muscle Innervation Zones Understanding Surface Electromyogr
Invasive electromyography is a well-established diagnostic tool that has been used for decades by neurologists. Recently, new and alternative devices have increasingly become available that permit diagnosis without the use of needles. This developing area
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Marco Barbero • Roberto Merletti • Alberto Rainoldi
Atlas of Muscle Innervation Zones Understanding Surface Electromyography and Its Applications Foreword by Gwendolen Jull
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Marco Barbero Department of Health Sciences University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, SUPSI Manno, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected]
Roberto Merletti LISiN Department of Electronics Politecnico di Torino Turin, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
Alberto Rainoldi School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, SUISM University of Turin Italy e-mail: [email protected]
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com ISBN 978-88-470-2462-5
ISBN 978-88-470-2463-2 H%RRN
DOI 10.1007/978-88-470-2463-2 Springer Milan Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2012938373 © Springer-Verlag Italia 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply , even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover image: The cover image shows the generation, propagation and extinction of a motor unit action potential as detected on the surface of the skin by a two-dimensional electrode array placed above the biceps brachii muscle. The signal is spatially filtered with a longitudinal double differential filter, along the fiber direction. The interelectrode distance, in the row and column (fiber) direction, is 8 mm and the time interval between eac
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