Attenuating the adverse aspects of water stress on wheat genotypes by foliar spray of melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Attenuating the adverse aspects of water stress on wheat genotypes by foliar spray of melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid Sara Zafar1 • Muhammad Akhtar2 • Shagufta Perveen1 • Zuhair Hasnain3 Aansa Khalil1
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Received: 27 September 2019 / Revised: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 Ó Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract Melatonin is important due to its involvement in regulation of diverse mechanisms in plants. Its presence in plants is universal and provides primary defense against environmental stresses. In this study the effect of foliarly applied indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and melatonin (control, 100, 150 lg/g each) on wheat seedling growth under water deficit condition was examined. The mitigation of stress was seen in melatonin treated wheat plants facing abiotic stress, with less accumulation of the H2O2, MDA and anthocyanin. A marked decrease in chlorophyll, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid, phenolic contents and yield- related attributes was noticed in stressed condition. Treatment with melatonin and IAA alleviated stress induced decrease in biochemical attributes, and growth of wheat plants in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase in yield was achieved by melatonin treatments in Ujala-2016 under limited water supply. It is worthy to mention that melatonin spray at 150 lg/g followed by IAA proved to be the most pronounced treatment in the buildup of osmolytes and regulation of antioxidant defense system with increase in yield under water limited environment. Keywords Indole-amines Water stress Growth Yield Foliar spray & Sara Zafar [email protected] 1
Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan
Introduction Wheat is the basic staple food for 4.5 billion people around the globe (Yadav et al. 2019). However, water stress is limiting its productivity and quality in the arid and semiarid areas (Tester and Langridge 2010). Drought suppress the functioning of photosystem II (PSII), resulting in impaired growth parameters, production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately limits yield especially in regions with unreliable rainfall (Wang et al. 2013). World food demand is likely to increase by 60% in 2050 (Boretti and Rosa 2019). A significant approach must be followed to reduce the negative impacts of water stress and the adoption of better management practices for soil, plant & environment to attain good productivity of wheat crop to meet the world food demand for increasing population (Zafar et al. 2015). Auxins are phytohormones, they play crucial role in regulating growth and a number of developmental processes at low concentration, however, at high concentration they inhibit plant growth (Hussain et al. 2011). IAA is a well known auxin that significantly modulates enzymatic reactions and nucleic acid synthesis under abiotic stress (Na
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