Foliar spray of salicylic acid induces physiological and biochemical changes in purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) under
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Foliar spray of salicylic acid induces physiological and biochemical changes in purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under drought stress Farnaz Saheri 1 & Giti Barzin 1 & Leila Pishkar 1 & Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar 2 & Laleh Babaeekhou 1 Received: 12 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a plant with a long history in cooking and folk medicine that has been distributed worldwide. In the present study, purslane was used as a model plant to investigate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on plant tolerance to drought stress. The effects of SA foliar spray (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) on physiological and biochemical responses of purslane seedlings under drought stress (90, 60 and 30% field capacity) were investigated. The results showed that drought stress decreased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, parameters of gas exchanges, proline, soluble sugars, total phenolic, flavonoids, growth, and biomass production. However, SA improved photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, compatible solutes and secondary metabolites and thereby increased purslane growth and biomass production. Drought stress also induced oxidative stress (H2O2 and MDA) in purslane seedlings; however, SA reduced the drought-induced oxidative stress by regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Drought stress increased the content of palmitic and arachidonic acid and decreased unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid), stearic and behenic acid in the leaves of purslane. However, SA improved the fatty acids content under drought stress. These results indicate that foliar application of SA improved the adaptation and tolerance of the purslane plant to drought stress by improving gas exchange, increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites and compatible solutes, improving the antioxidant defence system and regulating the fatty acids profile of membrane lipid. Keywords Drought stress . Fatty acids profile . Gas exchange . Oxidative stress . Portulaca oleracea L. . Salicylic acid
Introduction Drought stress reduces water uptake by the root of the plants, which, by altering important metabolic processes, decreases plant growth and yield (Munns 2003). The two main causes of water stress are the water supply required by the root as well as the high transpiration of the plants that occur simultaneously in arid and semi-arid regions. The effects of drought stress on plant growth depend on various factors such as the plant growth stage, variety, duration, and degree of drought stress. Drought stress causes changes in nutrient metabolism, root growth, leaf area index, photosynthetic pigment content, plant hormone balance, and respiration rate (Hura et al. 2015).
* Giti Barzin [email protected] 1
Department of Basic Science, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
2
Department of Biology Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Increasing the intensity an
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