Variability of durum wheat genotypes in terms of physio-biochemical traits against salinity stress
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Variability of durum wheat genotypes in terms of physio‑biochemical traits against salinity stress Shobha Soni1,2 · Ashwani Kumar1 · Nirmala Sehrawat2 · Naresh Kumar1 · Gurpreet Kaur1 · Arvind Kumar1 · Anita Mann1 Received: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract An experiment was planned to explore variability of durum wheat toward salinity stress in randomised block design with two tolerant and one sensitive check under three different environments, i.e., control, E Ciw—6 dS m −1 and E Ciw—10 dS −1 m in three replications. Different physico-biochemical traits were measured in roots as well as shoots at the reproductive stage. Both roots and shoots showed MI of 8.5% on mean basis under normal condition which increased to 32.78% in roots and 31.44% in shoots at the extreme level of salinity ECiw—10 dS m −1. Significant increase was noted in proline content in roots as well as in shoots under stress environment and found approximately 2.5 times higher mean proline accumulation in roots and in shoots. TSS content increased in roots while reverse trend was noted for shoots. Shoots had higher accumulation of soluble proteins in comparison with roots, but the shoot soluble protein decreased with salinity while roots showed the reverse trend, i.e., content increased under salinity stress. KRL 99, KRL 3–4, MACS 3949 maintained their root as well as shoot Na+/K+ below 1 under the severe stress of E Ciw—10 dS m−1. Results showed that genotypes exhibited a significant differential response and the antioxidative enzyme activity increased both in roots and shoots under mild and severe salinity. Overall, it was noted that individual genotypes displayed variability in terms of physico-biochemical traits toward salinity stress that confers their ability to survive under stress environment and could serve as a genetic source for salt tolerance breeding programmes. Keywords Wheat · Salinity · Plant water relations · Ionic relations Abbreviations MI Membrane injury TSS Total soluble sugars TSP Total soluble proteins ECiw Electrical conductivity of irrigation water FW Fresh weight DW Dry weight SOD Superoxide dismutase CAT Catalase POX Peroxidase
Communicated by A. Goyal. * Shobha Soni [email protected] 1
ICAR – Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133203, India
2
APX Ascorbate peroxidase ROS Reactive oxygen species
Introduction In arid and semiarid areas, major cereals crops are underintensified irrigation with poor quality water (saline water), thus posing severe salinity threats. The osmotic stress and ion toxicity under salinity affect most of the plant mechanisms, thereby limiting plant growth and reduced crop productivity (Kumar et al. 2018a). Most of the plants develop various strategies to overcome the salt-related effects by accumulating osmolytes or by maintaining the ion homeostasis (Singh et al. 2017). An oxidative stress is crea
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