Aurantii Fructus: a systematic review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology
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Aurantii Fructus: a systematic review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology Tianhui Gao . Maoyuan Jiang . Bin Deng . Zhen Zhang . Qiang Fu . Chaomei Fu
Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Aurantii Fructus (called Zhiqiao, ZQ in Chinese), the dried unripe fruit of Citrus aurantium L. or its cultivated variety, is a common traditional ediblemedicinal herb in regulating visceral functions for thousands of years. As a widely used ethnomedicine in Asia including China, Japan and Korea, ZQ possesses ideal therapeutic effect on digestive system diseases, and is also used as a condiment in food for regular consumption to benefit health. Amounts of investigations on different aspects have been done for ZQ in the past decades. However, there has no literature Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09725-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. T. Gao Medical College, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China M. Jiang Z. Zhang C. Fu (&) Pharmacy College of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] B. Deng Chengdu Diao Pharmaceutical Group CO., LTD, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China Q. Fu (&) School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
systematic comparison on the similarity concerning research achievements of ZQ. Herein, this review comprehensively presents the up-to-date information on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, clinical use, quality control and toxicology of ZQ to identify their therapeutic potential and directs future research opportunities. So far, about 62 compounds has been isolated and identified from ZQ, in which flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins would be the main bioactive ingredients for its pharmacological properties, such as regulating gastrointestinal motility, anti-gastric ulcer effect, regulating blood pressure, cardioprotective effects, antiatherosclerotic activity, anti-vascular damage activity, anti-depression activity, anti-obesity activity, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory activity and affecting enzyme activities. Even so, the variety of sources and origins, ZQ has defects in quality control and clinical application. Keywords Aurantii Fructus Botany and ethnopharmacology Phytochemistry Pharmacological activity Quality control
Introduction Aurantii Fructus (called Zhiqiao, ZQ in Chinese), the dried unripe fruits of C. aurantium L. or its cultivars
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Phytochem Rev
gathered from July, is one of the most important and commonly used drugs for qi-regulating in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Meanwhile, ZQ is widely used as a health food product in China, for the benefits to relax the
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